Chemistry ch 12
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26 Terms
What is reaction rate?
The change in concentration over time.
Equation for reaction rate of a reactant?
Rate = -Δ[A]/Δt
Why is there a negative sign for reactants?
Because reactant concentration decreases during the reaction.
General rate law?
Rate = k[A]m[B]n
What is k?
rate constant
What determines reaction order?
Experimental data (NOT the balanced equation)
Overall reaction order?
Add all exponents
First order + concentration doubles
Rate doubles
Second order + concentration doubles
Rate quadruples
Third order + concentration doubles
Rate increases 8x
Zero order + concentration doubles
No change
Linear graph for zero order?
[A] vs time
Linear graph for 1st order?
ln[A] vs time
Linear graph for 2nd order?
1/[A] vs time
1st order half life equation?
t1/2= 0.693/k
Which reaction order has a constant half-life?
First order
3 requirements for a reaction?
Collision
Enough energy
Correct orientation
Activation energy?
Minimum energy needed for a successful reaction.
Higher activation energy means
Slower reaction
What does a catalyst do?
Lowers activation energy.
Does a catalyst change ΔH?
No
Does a catalyst change equilibrium?
No
Does a catalyst get consumed?
No
Rate-determining step?
The slowest step
Intermediate?
Produced in one step, consumed in another, and not present in the overall reaction.
Arrhenius equation
k=AeEa/RT
Relates the rate constant (k) to temperature (T) and activation energy (Ea): A is the pre-exponential factor (related to collision frequency and orientation). R is the ideal gas constant (8.314 J/K·mol).