The Scientific Method and Cell Theory Lecture Notes

This set of vocabulary flashcards covers the steps of the scientific method, types of experimental variables, data classification, the principles of cell theory, and prokaryotic cell structures based on the lecture notes.

Scientific Method

A series of steps used to help solve a problem, including stating the problem, conducting research, forming a hypothesis, performing an experiment, analyzing data, and reaching a conclusion.

Observation

Watching and recording what is happening in the environment around you regarding certain outcomes.

Hypothesis

A short, definitive statement written in an "If… then…" format that serves as an educated guess about how to solve a problem.

Controlled Experiment

An experiment that contains only $1$ independent variable to effectively test a specific factor.

Independent Variable

The part of an experiment that is controlled or predictable, which is always graphed on the $x$-axis.

Dependent Variable

The factor that changes in response to the independent variable, which is always graphed on the $y$-axis.

Experimental Control

The standard reference in an experiment used for determining if results are due to the variable being tested.

Quantitative Data

Information that can be reproducibly measured and expressed as numeric information, such as using a tape measure for core circumference.

Qualitative Data

Information that is obtained through observation or approximation, such as describing the color of a tree's leaves.

Ranked Data

Information ranked on a scale that represents an order, such as birth order ($1, 2, 3$) in a family.

Peer Review

The process where all data must be reviewed by other scientists before it can be published to maintain a high standard for scientific publications.

Theodore Schwann & Matthias Schleiden

Scientists who in the $1830s$ developed the Cell Theory, the idea that all living things are made of cells.

Cell Theory

A theory consisting of four statements: all living things are composed of cells, new cells form from pre-existing cells, cells contain genetic information (genes), and the cell is the basic functioning unit of life.

Genes

Inherited information within the cell that is used as instructions for growth, function, and development.

Cell Wall

An external prokaryotic structure that gives the cell shape and prevents rupture.

Fimbriae

Hairlike structures on the exterior of a prokaryotic cell used for attachment.

Flagella

Long structures used by prokaryotic cells for movement.

Sex Pilus

An external prokaryotic structure used to exchange genetic information.

Plasma Membrane

The internal membrane situated within a prokaryotic cell.

Cytoplasm

The gel-like fluid found within the cell.

Nucleoid Region

The area in the cytoplasm where the "naked" single circular chromosome is located.

Plasmid

Accessory chromosomes in a prokaryotic cell that can be exchanged.

Ribosomes

Structures free in the cytoplasm that build proteins.