Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Notes Review (Pages 1–5)

Flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes (Pages 1–5), formatted as Question and Answer.

In anatomic position, the feet and palms are pointing in which direction?

Forward

A skeletal muscle fiber, or muscle cell, is made up of smaller fibers called?

Myofibrils

What anatomical term describes the position of two structures on the same side of the sagittal plane?

Ipsilateral

Which microscopic fiber in muscle is formed by the end-to-end arrangement of sarcomeres?

Myofibril

What cell structure allows the cell to read and respond to its environment?

Integral membrane proteins

Where is the wrist located in relation to the elbow?

Distal

The study of the components of the human body, their organization, and their positional relationship to one another is called what?

Anatomy

The regulation and exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide are the responsibility of what body system?

Respiratory

What is the advantage of having multiple motor units in a skeletal muscle?

It allows the brain to regulate the amount of force used for movement by changing the number of motor units engaged.

What are the two types of microscopic extensions on the outer surface of the plasma membrane of some cells?

Microvilli and cilia

Functions of the urinary system help regulate body fluid, pH, and electrolyte balances by:

Filtering blood of metabolic wastes and eliminating them.

The process of making new protein is controlled and directed by which structure in a cell?

Nucleic acids inside the nucleus

Compounds that release hydroxide ions in water are called bases and have a pH value over 7.

Base; over 7

What type of integral membrane protein monitors the internal and external environment of the cell and helps cells recognize one another during tissue formation?

Receptor proteins

When ligaments are stretched or torn, the injury is classified as what?

Sprain

Which of these processes is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

Energy storage

The dynamic state of balance that maintains a preferred physiologic range for body processes is called what?

Homeostasis

The location of the navel is best described as

Inferior and medial

What is the best definition of the system level of organization in the body?

A group of interrelated organs functioning together to accomplish a specific set of functions

What fascial layer forms the outer envelope of the muscle and anchors it to the hypodermis?

Epimysium

What does the suffix -algia mean?

Painful

Which of these is the best definition of homeostasis?

A range of physiologic balance, or dynamic state of equilibrium within the body

How does the skeletal system contribute to movement?

Provides the levers and fulcrums for movement

What anatomic term is used to describe the position of two structures on the same side of the sagittal plane?

Ipsilateral

Which passive transport mechanism relies on a concentration gradient to move substances across the cell membrane?

Diffusion

Which of the following is an action of the pronator quadratus?

Pronate the forearm

Which of the following is actually an abdominal muscle located on the posterior side of the thorax?

Quadratus lumborum

Which is the origin of the rectus femoris?

AIIS

How many thoracic vertebrae are in the spinal column?

12

What is the anatomic name for a skeletal muscle cell?

Myofiber

Knowing the bone landmarks helps a manual therapist locate specific soft tissue structures and:

identify postural and movement dysfunctions

When identical atoms bind together, they form a molecule of a (an):

Element