BIOENERGETICS

BIOCHEM 1ST YEAR NURSING

Work

Living cells and organisms must perform ____ to stay alive

Fundamental Property of all organisms

the ability to harness energy from various sources and to channel it into biological work is a

Energy Transduction

conversions of one form of energy to another

Photosynthethic Organisms

transduce or convert light energy into all other forms of energy

Bioenergetics

the quantitative study of the energy transductions thet occur in living cells and the nature and fucntion of the chemical processes underlying these transduction.

1. Law of Conservstion of Energy
2. Law of Entropy

2 laws of thermodynamics

Law of Conservstion of Energy

law of thermodynamics that states that in any physical or chemical change, the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant, it cannot be created nor destroyed although the form of energy may change

Law of Entropy

this law of thermodynamics states that in all natural processes, the entropy of the universe increases. Transformation is not 100% in chemical energy

laws of thermodynamics

this explains why the entropy ogf the universe spontaneously increases and why organisms need a constant input of usabole energy to maintain organization

Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP)

the common energy currency of cells

adenosine diphosphate (ADP)

ATP is constantly bing recycled from

adenine

ribose

3 phosphate groups

composition of ATP

Endergonic Reaction

reaction that requires energy to proceed (photosynthesis)

Exergonic Reaction

reaction that releases free energy, occurs spontaneously without being forced by an outside factor

1. Chemical Work
2. Transport Work
3. Mechanical Work

Functions of ATP

Chemical Work

ATP supplies the energy needed to SYNTHESIZE macromolocules that makes up the cell

Transport Work

ATP supplies the energy needed to PUMP substances across the plasma membrane

Mechanical Work

ATP supplies the energy needed to permit muscles to contract, cilia and flagella to beat, chromosomes to move

Bioenergetics

It refers to the energy transformation that happens inside the body of living organism

organism

system level

organ

cell

organelle

molecular

different levels of work

mitochondria

cellular respiration occurs in the

chloroplast

photosynthesis occurs in the

Phosphoanhydride bond

this links or the binds phosphates of ATP

Light

source of energy is sunlight in order to produce ATP and NADPH (reduced coenzyme)

Light independent reactions

source of energy is ATP, aka dark reaction as it doesn’t use sunlight as source of energy