Lecture Notes on Arthropods

Flashcards based on the lecture notes covering Arthropod diversity, characteristics, classification, and anatomy.

What are three characteristics of Arthropods?

1. Jointed appendages
   2. Segmented body
   3. Exoskeleton

What does the term 'Arthropod' mean?

'Jointed foot' referring to their jointed appendages.

What is the term for the shedding of an old exoskeleton?

Molting or ecdysis.

Subphylum Chelicerata:

A subphylum of arthropods that includes spiders, scorpions.

What material makes up an exoskeleton?

Chitin, which is a protein and tough carbohydrate.

What are the defining characteristics of the class Arachnida?

Body divided into cephalothorax and abdomen, four pairs of legs, and a pair of chelicerae.

What is the significance of the nauplius larval stage in Crustacea?

It is a developmental stage unique to crustaceans.

What are the main appendages found on the head of a crayfish?

Antennules, antennae, mandibles, and maxillae.

What adaptation do millipedes and centipedes have for their environment?

They retain moisture as they live in damp environments.

How do spiders catch their prey?

By using webs, pursuit, or ambush tactics.

What role do spinnerets play in arachnids?

They produce silk used for webs, nests, and egg cocoons.

How do centipedes differ from millipedes in terms of anatomy?

Centipedes have flattened bodies with one pair of legs per segment, while millipedes have two pairs of legs per segment.

What is the primary function of gills in aquatic arthropods?

They are used for respiration.

What are the digestive adaptations of crayfish?

They have a short esophagus and chitinous teeth in the stomach to grind food.

What are the excretory organs found in spiders?

Malpighian tubules and possibly coxal glands.

Which two arachnids are known for their harmful bites?

The Black Widow and the Brown Recluse.

How do ticks and mites vary in their adaptations?

Mites are often found on skin and feed on plants or animals, while ticks attach to blood and can transmit diseases.

What is the primary purpose of the exoskeleton in arthropods?

To provide protection and support.