Box 2-4: Anatomic Directions

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Last updated 9:16 AM on 9/8/26
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12 Terms

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anterior (ventral)

toward or at the front (belly) of the body

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posterior (dorsal)

toward or at the back (dorsum) of the body

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medial

toward the midline of the body

4
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lateral

toward the side of the body

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proximal

nearer to the point of attachment or to a given reference point

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distal

farther from the point of attachment or from a given reference point

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superior

above, in a higher position

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inferior

below, in a lower position

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cranial (cephalad)

toward the head

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caudal

toward the lower end of the spine (Latin cauda means “tail”); in humans, in an inferior direction

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superficial (external)

closer to the surface of the body

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deep (internal)

closer to the center of the body