Thrust PPL ground lesson 7 stage 1

aeronautical charts and airspaces

latitude lines are _____(parallel/perp) to equator

parallel

longitude lines/meridians are true or magnetic north?

true

different kind of projections

mercator—typical

lambert conformal conic—minimal distortion, used for aeronautical charts, covers small area

sectional charts are released by the ____ and expire every ___ days

FAA, 56 days

sectional charts include what 3 things?

airspaces

airport info

special use airspaces

each sectional chart covers ___ degrees of longitude and is named after its primary ____

6-8, city

nautical miles is preferred to statute miles because it relates to the

distance/curvature of the earth (as opposed to visibility for SM)

VFR TAC

terminal area chart, mostly cover class B airspace. Scale 1:250,000

almost every major city has its own class ___ airspace

B (bravo)

all classes of airspace are controlled, except for class

G

Examples of special use airspaces (MCPRAWNS)

MOA

Controlled Firing Area

Prohibited area

Restricted area

Alert area

Warning area

National security airspace

Special flight rules

class alpha airspace ___(is/is not) depicted on charts

is not

class a facts

18,000-60,000 ft

IFR only (pilot, aircraft, flight plan)

everyone sets altimeter to 29.92

class b facts

upside down wedding cake

often SCF to 10,000 MSL
private pilot minimum, or student with endorsements,

2 way radio coms, mode C transponder, ADS-B out.

you’ll hear “cleared into the bravo”

mode C transponder reports

altitude and position (it is 3D)

ADS-B out is…

an altitude/position reporter to anyone who has ADS-B in

KADS is under what bravo shelf?

2500

Mode C veil

30nm ring around class B airspace from surface to top, mode C transponder required You cannot even go UNDER the class B shelf without it,

VFR flyway

suggested general route near busy airspaces

VFR corridor

cutout of restricted airspace to allow VFR through traffic

VFR transition routes

like a corridor, but it requires contacting ATC

class C airspace facts

2 tiered upside down wedding cake

inner core is 5nm out and outer ring is 10nm out

can be student pilot without endorsement (unlike class B)

requires mode C transponder, ADSB out, 2 way radio coms

typically up to 4000 MSL

magenta color

class delta airspace

dashed blue line

has a control tower but no class B/C ATC services

4nm ring

surface to 2,500 AGL

can be student pilot

2 way radio coms (no ADSB out required)

why do we need a transponder in our class D airspace, in KADS?

because we’re under the Bravo and thus in the mode C veil

where do you find tower operation hours?

in the chart supplement

class E airspace facts

controlled airspace (center)

no minimum equipment, no clearance

from surface to 700ft if airspace is in shaded magenta ring

otherwise class E starts at 1200 AGL to class A (18000), then starting at 60,001

starts at 700 with magenta shade, or 1200 without any shading, or surface within dashed magenta line

marked by dashed magenta lines WHEN it starts at the surface

victor airways (federal airways)

start at 1200 ft above ground, up to 17,999 MSL. Considered class E airspace.

solid magenta line with ladder attached

international zone line, requires international flight plan

class G airspace

uncharted territory, untowered, no rules, can extend from surface up to 14,500 MSL or 1500 AGL, whichever is higher. No clearance or aircraft reqs. Need to be a student pilot, minimum

What airspace is Addison at night?

Golf to 700

Code about transponders with altitude reporting capability in FAR/AIM?

91.215

Need it in class A, B, C and in mode C veil

or above Class B, C airspace

AND AT AND ABOVE 10,000FT EXCEPT AT AND BELOW 2,500 AGL

ADS-B out FAR/AIM?

91.225

Class B and , and mode C veil,

at and above 10,000 MSL except 2,500 AGL

AND (unique to ADS-B out) at/above 3,000 MSL over Gulf of Mexico from coastline out to 12nm

airspeed limitations FAR/AIM?

91.117

Below 10,000: max 250knots

Class C or D, or within 4nm of airport: max 200knots

underlying class B or VFR corridors: max 200knots

if min safe airspeed exceeds max speed, do your min safe airspeed (ex. for fighter jets)

speed limit in the bravo?

nonexistent

special VFR

can be requested when weather mins are below standard mins

must be a private pilot, or instrument at night

requires 1 sm visibility, and clear of clouds

NO SVFR on a sectional means it’s not authorized

when would you request special VFR?

as a private pilot, looking to get home but the weather got bad

do you need permission to fly in a MOA?

no, but be advised

do you need permission to enter a controlled firing area?

no, they will cease fire and call out to you. Not depicted on sectional charts (would be marked under special military activity)

prohibited area—can you go in?

heck no, it’s prohibited. sometimes it’s a nuclear area. You will get intercepted.

restricted areas—do you need permission?

yes need permission from controlling agency—could include artillery firing/missiles

alert areas—do you need permission?

no, but be on the lookout (ex. glider/acrobatic training)

warning area—do you need permission?

no, but be careful. it’s usually off the coast of the USA, 3nm from coast.

national security area—do you need permission?

no, but you are asked to voluntarily avoid flying in these areas

MTR

military training route, super faded gray line, exercise caution but no restrictions. check in with flight station—it’s good practice

TFR—can you enter?

no no no—NO FLYING. Red circle, you will get intercepted, usually for the president

dotted magenta in a circle pattern means…

other airspace—often parachuters

TRSA

terminal radar service area, offers radar, not mandatory to accept, almost look like a class bravo but they are gray ringed instead,

ADIZ

air defense identification zone (for changing countries)

requirements: IFR or defense plan, mode C transponder, 2 way communication with correct ATC

SFRA

special flight rules area—area of airspace where identification/location of all aircrafts is required in interest of national security. Requires special training course.

Ex. Washington DC, Hudson River, Grand Canyon

depicted with solid blue line with boxes attached to it

interception procedures

maintain altitude, airspeed, heading

follow instructions. if they rock their wings, you rock your wings. if they gently bank, you gently bank

contact to 121.5 (emergency frequency)

squawk 7700

off set yourself from leading jet to avoid wake turbulence

yellow on VFR sectional chart indicates

congested area

magenta shaded is called a

vignette

eyelash magenta lines mean it’s a

MOA

blue faded lines are

victor airways

dessert colored VFR sectional indicates a (higher/lower) elevation

lower