Diversity & Pluralism Lecture Notes Flashcards

Flashcards about Diversity & Pluralism in Canada

What does multiculturalism mean in the Canadian context?

Acceptance of citizens with diverse backgrounds and beliefs within one country.

What is the definition of identity?

Unique characteristics that define an individual.

What is the definition of culture?

Learned way of living encompassing religion, language, dress, beliefs, food, and customs.

What contributes to Canadian identity?

Historical events, the people, and the land.

What aspects of the land influence Canadian culture?

Climate and landforms.

What is the definition of climate?

The type of weather an area receives over a long period of time.

What are landforms?

Natural surfaces of the Earth like mountains, rivers, and hills.

What is Canada's rank in the world by land mass?

Second largest.

What are the two types of Canadian Geography?

Physical and human geography.

What does physical geography encompass?

Physical landforms, including soil, climate, vegetation, mountains, and bodies of water.

What does human geography explore?

How and why humans live in certain areas and patterns of human movement.

Approximately how far from the USA border do 90% of Canadian citizens live?

250 miles.

In which provinces are the Rocky Mountains located?

Alberta & British Columbia.

How were valleys such as the Assiniboine Valley formed?

Melting glaciers.

How did early Indigenous/First Nations People come to North America?

An ice bridge connecting Alaska and Siberia.

What is the largest lake in Canada?

Lake Superior.

What does it mean that Canada is a multicultural nation?

Embracing citizens from all different nationalities, ethnicities, religions and customs.

What is a mixing pot system

All people bring their own unique culture and mix their customs into previously existing ones.

What is the 'melting pot' system in the United States of America?

Immigrants are expected to “melt” or become “Americanized”.

What is a stereotype?

Widely held, simplified, and essentialist belief about a specific group.

What is worldview?

The lens through which we all see the world.

Why were Coat of Arms used in Europe for hundreds of years?

To signify to travelers where you were from.

What is popular culture (pop culture)?

Media that is viewed/consumed during a specific time period.

What is globalization?

Term used to describe how trade and technology (including media) have made the world more interconnected.

What is propaganda?

Media that is meant to deceive, manipulate, or instill a certain idea, feeling, or emotion.

What is Consumerism?

The idea that what I buy makes up who I am.

What is a citizen (in simple terms)?

A member of a club.

What rights do Canadian citizens have?

Freedom of speech, access to healthcare, hold positions in government, and the right to vote.

What are the responsibilities of Canadian citizens?

Paying taxes and even defending their country.

What rights do permanent residents have?

They have some of the rights of citizens, but not all.

How long must you have been in Canada to get permanent resident status?

730 days.

How did Some Indigenous People like the Iroquois Confederacy make decisions for their tribe?

Through consensus (agreement of the people)

How did tribes, such as the Anishinaabe (Ojibway) run their clan systems?

Members of the group were connected by kinship, family, and blood.

Who claimed the area for France around the St. Lawrence River in 1534?

Jacques Cartier.

Who founded Newfoundland as the first British Province in Canada (1497)?

John Cabot.

What are Canada's two official languages?

English and French.

What is Immigration (in the context of immigration)?

Settling in a country that isn’t one’s own.

What is Naturalization (in the context of immigration)?

The formal process of becoming a citizen of a country.

What is Deportation (in the context of immigration)?

The forced removal of a person, usually an immigrant or refugee, back to their country of origin.

What are "pull factors"?

Things that encourage or attract people to move to Canada.

What are "push factors"?

Things that encourage people to leave a country.

Who are refugees?

People who have fled persecution, and sometimes the threat of death, in their home countries because of their race, religion, or political beliefs.

What is it called when Canada accepts refugees?

Granted asylum.

What does asylum allow refugees in Canada to attain?

They can attain permanent resident status.

What were those that fought for independence from the British Crown called?

Patriots.

What group wanted to remain loyal to Britain during the American Revolution?

Loyalists.

Why did Tens of thousands of Scots immigrate to Canada from Scotland over the years?

Avoid poverty and hardship associated with traditional peasant life in Scotland.

Who brought some of the earliest Scottish settlers to Manitoba in 1812?

Thomas Douglas (Earl of Selkirk)

What was one of the main reasons for leaving Ireland (Irish immigration)?

Potatao Famine.

What project in the 1860s brought in thousands of Asian immigrants to Canada?

Canadian Pacific Railroad (CPR).

Once the railroad was built, how did the Canadian government make it almost impossible for these immigrants to stay in Canada?

Charging them a head tax.

What does the modern day immigration policy in Canada focus on?

A points system.

What three areas does the points system award points to?

Those who will help the Canadian Economy (have skills), Those who already have family members in Canada, Those who claim refugee status.

What are Rights?

Something that people are legally or morally entitled to.

What are Responsibilities?

Something in which you are accountable for or need to do to avoid consequences.

What responsibility comes with the Right to Freedom of Speech?

Respect the rights and freedoms of others.

What responsibility comes with the right to move where you want in Canada?

Follow the laws of the region.

What responsibility comes with The right to choose any (or no) religion?

Respect other religions/non-religions.

What rights did the United Nations create after the Holocaust and World War II?

The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR).

What are Positive Rights?

Rights that give humans a freedom to do things and give them benefits under the law.

What are Negative Rights?

Rights that protect humans from the government or other citizens interfering in their personal lives (freedom from things).

What is the Reasonable Limits Clause?

The government legally allowed to limit an individual’s Charter rights.

Who was the Prime Minister of Canada in 1982?

Pierre Elliott Trudeau.

What national code did Trudeau and his liberal government create in 1982?

The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

What does Freedom of Thought and Expression allow you to do?

to think whatever you want and to express your thoughts.

What does Freedom of Religion allow you to do in Canada?

Choose your own religious beliefs or to have no religious beliefs.

What does Freedom of Assembly allow you to do?

Everyone has the Freedom to protest as well as associate with groups.

What do Democratic Rights allow you to do?

Allows Canadian citizens of 18 years or older to participate in voting at a federal, provincial, and municipal level.

According to the Charter, how often will elections be held?

5 years.

What do Legal Rights do?

Ensure that you are treated fairly under the law.

According to your legal rights, if police were to search your property, what would they need?

That they would need both a warrant and a reason to search.

Why are Equality Rights a key aspect of the Charter?

Canada is a diverse country with a mosaic of different cultures, identities, and ethnicities.

What Language Rights are protected in Canada?

Government documents need to be printed in both languages and either language may be used in court.

What does Section 23 of the Charter guarantee?

Guarantee language rights for minority education.

What do Mobility Rights allow you to do?

They allow all citizens to move across Canada. They also allow citizens to live and work in different areas.

What do Section 25 of the Charter describe?

Recognizes the traditional Rights of Indigenous Canadians and also recognizes that in 1876, the Canadian Government abolished these rights with the Indian Act.

Whose is it the job to decide how to balance these conflicts between rights?

The job of the courts.

What is one of the most devastating truths about Rights?

Unfortunately, in the past and present we have seen cases where Rights were not always respected or given to all human beings.

Why were residential schools were government-sponsored religious schools established?

To assimilate Indigenous children into Euro-Canadian culture.

What was the reality behind behind students spending half the day in the school and the other half at work?

Was a way for the schools to operate inexpensively.

What is the destruction of Aboriginal language and culture known as?

Cultural genocide.

What are many groups of LGBTQIA still doing?

Are still fighting for rights.

What is Lesson 8 about?

Human Rights Abuses in Canada.

What are the 3 moments where Human Rights were either restricted or not give to certain groups of people that will be explored?

Feminism, Indigenous Canadians and Residential Schools and LGBTQIA Community in Canada

What does Suffrage describe?

The process of women being allowed to vote in elections.

Which province became the first province to give women suffrage in 1916?

Manitoba.

What Act gave women in all of Canada the right to vote in 1920?

The Dominion Elections Act.

What happened to women of the same rank in WWII?

Women of the same rank were paid 20% less than their male counterparts at this time.

What Act stated that women and men are equal as people under the law?? (1960s)

The Bill of Rights.

What is one of the modern issues facing feminism today?

Pay/Employment Equity.

Under section 11 of the Human Rights Act, what must be done?

Jobs must be assigned a specific pay value which considers the workers skills, responsibilities, etc.

In 1998, how much back pay did the Canadian Government pay to 230 000 female workers who were not paid equitably?

$3.5 billion.

The 'reality of spending part of the day at school and part at work' , what was this?

Was a way for the schools to operate inexpensively.

Describe what Discipline often came in for children children at resident schools

Discipline often came in the form of excessive punishment as well as physical and emotional abuse.

What is is for all Canadians that the information Canadians are receiving about unmarked graves at residential schools across Canada?

All of our responsibility to work towards reconciliation.

In Canada’s history, what was anyone expressing anything other than being cyst gendered?

Was considered a crime.

It wasn't until 19 what year, that anything other than being cyst gendered was considered a crime?

67.

Up until 1967, how long could homosexual men recieving prison sentence?

10 years to life in prison.

In what year, the Supreme Court rule that same-sex couples have the same rights and responsibilities as heterosexual couples in Canada?

1999.

When was the Civil Marriage Act was established?

2005.