Introduction to Biochemistry and Properties of Water

Fill-in-the-blank practice flashcards covering fundamental biochemistry, chemical bonding, and water properties.

An organized and self-sustaining collection of matter and energy that exhibits the characteristics of life is defined as a __________.

living system

In the levels of biological organization, organelles are directly positioned between __________ and cells.

Macromolecules

__________ bonds form between a metal and a nonmetal when valence electrons are transferred.

Ionic

Covalent bonds form between a nonmetal and a nonmetal when pairs of valence electrons are __________.

shared

Single bonds form when __________ pair of valence electrons are shared.

one

__________ refers to how much of an attraction a particular atom has for the electrons of a covalent bond.

Electronegativity

When two atoms have the same electronegativity, the covalent bond between them is called a __________ covalent bond.

nonpolar

Because oxygen is more electronegative, it pulls shared pairs of electrons closer to its end, resulting in a partial __________ charge.

negative

Hydrogen bonds are not true bonds, but are a type of intermolecular force known as __________ interactions.

dipole-dipole

The attraction between like substances is known as __________.

Cohesion

The attraction between unlike substances is known as __________.

Adhesion

The ability of a liquid to rise up fine tubes against gravity is called __________.

Capillarity

Cohesion contributes to __________ tension, a measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid.

surface

The amount of heat that must be absorbed or lost for $1\,g$ to change in temperature by $1^\circ\text{C}$ is known as __________.

specific heat

Water exhibits high heat of __________, which is the quantity of heat for $1\,g$ of a liquid to absorb to be converted from a liquid to a gaseous state.

vaporization

Ice floats on water because it is locked in a crystalline lattice and is $10\%$ __________ dense than liquid water.

less

Each water molecule in ice forms hydrogen bonds with __________ other molecules that spread out evenly.

4

Acids contain a higher concentration of __________ ions compared to hydroxide ions.

hydronium

Bases contain a higher concentration of __________ ions compared to hydronium ions.

hydroxide

Substances that minimize changes in concentration of $H^+$ and $OH^-$ ions are called __________.

Buffers