6.3 Laws of Thermodynamics

Thermodynamics

study of energy & energy transfer involving physical matter

System

matter and its environment where energy can be transferred

Surrounding

Everything outside the system

Open system

energy and matter can transfer between the system and its surroundings

Closed system

ONLY energy can be transferred between the system and its surroundings

Isolated System

energy and matter are trapped inside the system with no exchange between system and surroundings

False

True or False: biological organisms are closed systems

1st law of thermodynamics

states that the total amount of energy in the universe remains constant and cannot be created nor destroyed

Electrical energy

Light bulbs transform _____________ ______________ into light energy

True

True or False: Chemical energy stored within organic molecules transforms into energy within ATP molecules

2nd law of thermodynamics

states that every energy transfer & transformation increases the universe’s entropy

Heat energy

Since no energy transfers/transformations out there are 100% efficient, every energy transfer has some energy lost in a form that is unsuable, often in ________ ____________.

Heat energy 2

Transfers from one system to another that is not doing work

True

True or False: The heat energy lost during metabolic reactions is good for warm-blooded creatures because it helps maintain body temperature

Entropy

The more energy that a system looses to its surroundings, the more ______________ there is in the system