FHS Final Exam Study Guide: Healthcare Systems & Medical Fundamentals

Vocabulary-style flashcards covering the FHS final exam study guide, encompassing healthcare systems, infection control, vital signs, first aid, anatomy, and leadership.

OSHA

The government agency that ensures workplace safety.

Hospice care

A type of end-of-life care for terminally ill patients.

Medicare

Health insurance for people age $65$ or older.

Nonprofit hospital

A hospital that reinvests money instead of paying shareholders.

Long-term care facilities

Facilities that primarily provide care for elderly/chronic illness patients.

Premium

The monthly fee paid for health insurance.

Deductible

The amount a patient pays before insurance begins covering costs.

Support services

The pathway belonging to environmental and equipment service workers.

Therapeutic pathway

The pathway belonging to nurses, veterinarians, and athletic trainers.

Rehabilitation

A facility that helps a patient learn to walk again after surgery.

Standard precautions

Practices used to prevent spread of infection with all patients.

Airborne precautions

A transmission-based precaution requiring an N95 mask.

Chain of infection

Composed of 6 links: agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and susceptible host.

Handwashing duration

Should last at least $20\,\text{seconds}$; the most effective way to prevent infection.

Sharps container

The location where used needles must be disposed of.

PPE Removal sequence

Gloves should be removed first.

PASS

An acronym used for a fire extinguisher.

RACE

Stands for Rescue-alarm-contain-extinguish/evacuate.

SDS (Safety Data Sheets)

Provides information about hazardous chemicals/materials.

Gait belts

Used for helping transfer/support patients safely.

Body mechanics

Steps include bending knees, keeping back straight, lifting with legs, and keeping objects close to the body.

Normal adult pulse rate

$60-100\,\text{bpm}$.

Normal adult respirations

$12-20\,\text{breaths/min}$.

Normal $O_2$ sat

$95-100\%$.

Normal BP

$120/80$.

BID

Medical abbreviation for twice a day.

TID

Medical abbreviation for 3 times a day.

QID

Medical abbreviation for 4 times a day.

STAT

Medical abbreviation for immediately.

CXR

Medical abbreviation for chest X-ray.

NC

Medical abbreviation for Nasal cannula.

Dc

Medical abbreviation for Discontinue/discharge.

Pt

Medical abbreviation for patient.

PT

Medical abbreviation for Physical therapy.

OD

Medical abbreviation for Right eye.

OS

Medical abbreviation for Left eye.

Rx

Medical abbreviation for Prescription.

Adult CPR compression-to-breath ratio

$30$ compressions : $2$ breaths.

CPR depth of compressions

At least $2\,\text{inches}$.

Anaphylaxis treatment

Standard first aid includes Epinephrine/Epipen.

Tourniquet

Its primary purpose is to stop severe bleeding.

AED (Automated External Defibrillator)

A device that delivers an electric shock during CPR.

Heavy bleeding protocol

The first action is to apply direct pressure.

Florence Nightingale

The Founder of Modern Nursing.

Hippocrates

The Father of Medicine.

Romans

Ancient civilization that built aqueducts and sanitation systems.

Active listening

Includes eye contact, nodding, and responding appropriately.

Résumé

A document used to show skills, education, and experience for a job.

Open-ended question

A question formatted like: ”How are you feeling today?”

Hyper-

A prefix meaning above/excessive.

-ology

A suffix meaning study of.

-ectomy

A suffix meaning surgical removal.

Nervous system organs

Includes the brain, spinal cord, and nerves.

Chambers of the heart

Right atrium, right ventricle, left atrium, and left ventricle.

Vein

The vessel that carries deoxygenated blood to the heart.

Skeletal system functions

Includes support, protection, movement, and blood cell production.

Circumduction

A circular movement of the arm or shoulder.

Respiratory system exchange

Exchanges $Oxygen$ and $Carbon\,dioxide$.

Sagittal plane

The plane dividing the body into left and right sides.

White blood cells

Function to fight infection.

Digestive system

Main function is to break down food and absorb nutrients.

6 levels of organization

cell (\rightarrow) Tissue (\rightarrow) organ (\rightarrow) organ system (\rightarrow) organism (\rightarrow) population.

Laissez-faire leadership

A style where the leader allows staff to work independently.

Autocratic leader

A leader who uses rewards and consequences.

Democratic leader

A leader who encourages team participation.

Dosage Calculation Formula

$$\frac{\text{DOSE ORDERED}}{\text{DOSE AVAILABLE}} \times \text{Quantity}$$

$$1\,\text{kg}$$

$$1000\,\text{g}$$

$$1\,\text{g}$$

$$1000\,\text{mg}$$

$$1\,\text{mg}$$

$$1000\,\text{mcg}$$

$$1\,\text{tsp}$$

$$5\,\text{mL}$$

$$1\,\text{oz}$$

$$30\,\text{mL}$$

$$1\,\text{tbsp}$$

$$15\,\text{mL}$$

$$1\,\text{lb}$$

$16\,\text{oz}$ or $2.2\,\text{kg}$