chapter 7 shapes, structure, cells, matrix

bone tissue - SHAPES, STRUCTURE, CELLS, MATRIX only

osteology

study of bone

bone (osseous tissue)

supporting CT - needs cells, proteins, liquid

mineral/calcification

hardening process of bone

endosteum

inner surface of central canal

periosteum

covers outer surface (shaft of bone)

long bones

femur, humerus, phalanges

short bones

carpals, tarsals

flat bones

scapula, sternum, rib, hip bones, skull

irregular bones

vertebrae

sutural bones

between flat bones of skull

sesamoid bones

within tendon (patella)

epiphyseal plate

growth plate

metaphysis

region of transition from cartilage to bone

epiphysis

enlarged ends of long bones

diaphysis

shaft

anatomy of long bone

compact/spongy bone

marrow cavity

articular cartilage

periosteum

anatomy of flat bone

sandwich-like construction

two layers of compact bone, middle layer of spongy bone (diploe)

osteogenic cells

mesenchymal (stem) cells - produce osteoblasts

osteoblasts

immature bone cells → osteocytes

osteocytes

mature bone cells

osteoclasts

acids dissolve bony matrix → release calcium

protein fibers (collagen)

organic matter - 1/3 of bone matrix

calcium phosphate

inorganic matter - 2/3 of bone matrix

forms hydroxyapatite (crystalized calcium phosphate salts)