Ch 6: Native Americans

Indian Removal Act

relocation of all easter natives to the west of Mississippi River, aka. The Trail of Tears

Allotment Act

gave native individuals specific plots of land in hopes they become house owners, severed them from their land even more

Indian Reorganization Act

recognized the need to acknowledge Indian identity. Gave tribes the ability to adopt a written constitution and elect tribal a tribal council with a leader.

Navajo Nation

created a modern economy on traditional endeavors

Elouise Cobell 1996

the government cheated half a million Natives out of billions of dollars under trust arrangement created by the Allotment Act so 30,000 natives were paid $1,000

Sioux Nation

wanted land returned that was lost in the Battel of Little Big Horn

Termination Act 1953

relived capable tribes of federal control and assistance

Employment Assistance Program

relocated natives, at government expense, to urban areas for better job opportunities

Pan-Indianism

intertribal social movements which 7 tribes joined by political goals, united in common identity

1880s Ghost Dance

a religious movement that incorporated many Native belief systems and united the plains tribes

National Congress of American Indians

the 1st national organization representing natives in hopes to make native perspective heard after the Indian Reorganization Act

The American Indian Movement

put patrols in order to monitor police actions and document charges of police brutality

Fish-ins

protested the interference by Washington state officials with natives natural resources ad brought public awarness of the depprivation suffered by natives

1854 Treaty of Medicine Creek

allowed natives to fish sating they were not subject to fine or imprisonment, even if they violate fishing laws

Uncle Tomahawks/Apples

Natives who sympathized with the BIA, red on the outside but white on the inside

Battle of Wounded Knee II 1973

70-day occupation of Wounded Knee, an unsuccessful attempt to impeach the Sioux tribal chairman Richard Wilson

Pau Wau

referred to medicine man or spiritual leader of the Algonquin tribes

Powwows

native tribes coming together to dance, sing, play music, and visit in celebration of their culture

Sovereignty

self rule

U.S. v Lara 2004

a tribe has the right to prosecute all natives for crimes that happen on the reserve

The government determines a tribe’s recognition, self-declaration carries no legal recognition

True

1978 Acknowledgement Process

decided whether individual tribes have government-to-government relationships with the U.S federal government

Alaska Native Claims Settlements Act 1971

natives gave up collective claims in exchange for $62.5 million

Indian Child Welfare Act

intends to help preserve native family’s, tribes, and culture by regulating the adoption of native children

Blood Quantum

degree of American Indian or Alaska Native blood from federally recognized tribes

Indian Arts and Crafts Act

pushes people who sell fake native items

Indian Gaming Regulatory Act

States must negotiate gambling agreement with reservations and cannot prohibit any gambling made under state law

Johnson-O-Mally Act 1934

reimbursed public school that included native children

Indian Health Care Improvement Act

allowed tribes to recover costs from private health insurance companies

American Indian Religious Freedom Act

protected and preserve inherent rights of natives to believe, express, and practice their traditional religions

Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act

inventor of relics and return for materials if they can be claimed

Peyote

a hallucinogen that’s part of the Native American Church involved in a long moving ritual of curing and seeking visions