Computer

database

s an organized collection of data that is related to a particular subject or purpose. ​

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MANUAL DATABASE​

is the traditional way of managing data using paper and pen.​

database management system or DBMS

is an electronic collection of text, numeric values, graphs, or images that are systematically processed and stored in computers. ​

entity

is like a noun; it is a person, place, or thing. It is represented as a record in a database. ​

attribute

is a property of an entity. It is represented as a field in a database record.​

relationship

is an association between entities. It is represented using a common field in a set of records.​

Acquisition

the process of gathering all the needed information or data, whether it is relevant or not, important or unnecessary.

STORAGE​

Data is refined and stored accordingly. The storage, called a table, is allocated to hold the data.

MANIPULATION​

data are analyzed more closely and relationships between them are established so that viewing and accessing of information can be made possible.

RETRIEVAL​

Enables you to come up with a solution or answer to the queries or questions.

DISTRIBUTION​

pertains to the report that is generated for dissemination.​

QUERY

A request for data or information from a database table or a combination of tables.​

Structured Query Language (SQL)​

the standard query format used by many database management systems (DBMS).

Clauses​

They are components of statements and queries. ​

Expression​

They produce scalar values or tables which consist of columns and rows of data.​

Predicates​

They change the program flow or specify conditions which are used to limit the effects of the statements and the queries.​

Object Names​

They are the names of the database objects like tables, views, and columns.​

Values​

They could be numeric or string values.​

Operators​

a reserved word or character used to perform operations such as arithmetic and comparison.​

Data Definition Language (DDL​

it defines the database schema and is used to create and modify the structure of database objects in the database by creating, altering, and dropping tables and views.​

Data Manipulation Language​

It is used to perform database maintenance, such as inserting, updating, modifying, and querying data in the database.​

Data Control Language​

It is used by the database administrator (DBA) to protect the database from corruption and security by controlling the rights and permission such as to grant or to revoke privileges for accessing the database.​

Data Storage and Retrieval

structures for data storage for data retrieval​

Data Dictionary

stores the data elements and relationship​

Transaction Support (updating)

all the updates in a given transaction is made or not made​

Concurrency control services (multiple updating)

Allows access at same time by multiple users without affecting the integrity of database.​

Controls Redundancy

No duplication of data will take place.​

Integrity can be enforced

Data in database is always accurate.​

Inconsistency can be avoided

Propagation of data does not take place.​

Data can be shared

Data can be used or manipulated by multiple users.​

Standards can be enforced

Elements and procedure are well defined.​

Restrict Unauthorized Access

Security rules determine the table or database that user can use.​

Complexity

Different user / Different Procedures and business rules are implemented. Must be understood and managed by the administrator and end users.​

Size

it requires big amount of memory to run efficiently.​

Performance

It may not ran fast as it used to cater functionalities requested to perform​

Higher Impact or Failure

If the database damage to power failure. It may result to Data Corruption. ​

SCHEMA

Is collection of related objects created by user.​

Relational Database Management System.

RDBMS stands for

RDBMS

is the basis for SQL, and for all modern database systems such as MS SQL Server, IBM DB2, Oracle, MySQL, and Microsoft Access.​

SELECT

extracts data from a database​

UPDATE

updates data in a database​

DELETE

deletes data from a database​

INSERT INTO

inserts new data into a database​

CREATE DATABASE

creates a new database​

ALTER DATABASE

modifies a database​

CREATE TABLE

creates a new table​

ALTER TABLE

modifies a table

DROP TABLE

deletes a table​

CREATE INDEX

creates an index (search key)​

DROP INDEX

deletes an index​

Business resources

enterprise, business functions, positions (jobs) , projects, and information requirements

system resources

system , subsystem ( business processes), administrative procedures ( manual procedures and office automation – related).​

data resources

data elements, storage records, files (computer and manual), call parameters and databases.​