Ch 11 Unit Exam part 1

Mythological Greek god Proteus, who could assume many shapes. Gram negative, Chemoheterotrophic, largest taxonomic group of bacteria, five classes.

Proteobacteria

Most are capable of growing with very low levels of nutrients. Many have stalks or bunds known as (attach to surfaces)

The alphaproteobacteria / prosthecae

One of the most abundant microorganisms in oceans. Extremely small, low-nutrient environments, and important role in earth’s carbon cycle

Pelagibacter

Grows in soil, using nutrients excreted by plants. Forms associations with roots and fixes nitrogen.

Azospirillum

Convert ethanol into acetic acid (vinegar)

Acetobacteraceae and Gluconobacter

Obligate intracellular parasites cause spotted fevers. Transmitted by insect and tick bites

Rickettsia

Epidemic typhus (lice)

R. Prowazekii

Endemic murine typhus (rat fleas)

R. Typhi

Rocky Mountain spotted fever (ticks)

R. Rickettsii

Transmitted by ticks to humans causes ehrlichiosis

Ehrlichia

Low nutrient aquatic environments, stalks and prosthecae, reproductive via budding rather than binary fission

Caulobacter and hyphomicrobium

Fix nitrogen in the roots of leguminous plants (peanuts, beans, peas clover. Know by the common name of Rhizobia

Rhizobium and Bradyrhizobium

Plant pathogen; causes crown gall. Inserts as plasmid into plant cells, inducing a tumor

Agrobacterium

Human pathogen and B. henselae: cat-scratch disease

Bartonella

Obligate parasite of mammals; survives phagocytosis, causes brucellosis

Brucella

Chemoautotrophic; use inorganic chemicals are energy source; CO2 as carbon source (nitrosomonas and nitrobacter)

Nitrobacter and Nitrosomonas

Endosymbiosis of insects and affects reproduction of insects (live only inside the cells of their insect hosts)

Wolbachia

Chemoautotrophic; oxidized sulfur to sulfates: H2S-SO4²-

Acidithiobacillus (thiobacillus)

Found in freshwater, move via flagella

Spirillum (spiral shape)

Found in freshwater and sewage, form sheaths to aid in protection and nutrient gathering

Sphaerotilus

Flagella aerobic

Burkholderia

Degrades more than 100 organic molecules

B. Cepacia

Causes meliodosis

B. Pseudomallei

Non motile rods and B. Pertussis

Bordetella

Aerobic cocci, mammals, mucus

Neisseria

Cause of gonorrhea

N. Gonorrhoeae

Cause of meningococcal meningitis

N. Meningitidis

Important in the activity of the activated sludge system (plants)

Zoogloea

Beggiatoa (motile by gliding). Grows in aquatic sediments and Chemoautotrophic oxidized for energy

Triotrichales

F. Tularensis causes tularemia

Francisella

Pseudomonas. Pathogens; nosocomial infections, metabolically diverse, polar flagella; common in soil.

Pseudomonadales

Wound and urinary tract infections

P. Aeruginosa

Azotobacter and Azomonas. Nitrogen- fixing

Pseudomonadales (cont’d)

M. Lacunata causes conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Moraxella

A. Baumanii: respiratory pathogen; resistant to antibiotics

Acinetobacter

C. Burnetii: causes Q fever; trasmitted via aerosols or milk

Coxiella

Found in aquatic habitats

Vibrionales

Causes cholera

V. Cholerae

Causes gastroenteritis

V. Parahaemolyticus

Common called enterics - inhabit the intestinal tract; ferment carbohydrates. Facultative anaerobes and peritrichous flagella

Enterobacteriales

E. Coli Indicator of fecal contamination; causes foodborne disease and urinary tract infections

Escherichia

Not normal fora. 2,500 serovars. Common form of foodborne illness. Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever

Salmonella enterica

causes bacillary dysentery

Shigella

K. Pneumoniae causes pneumonia

Klebsiella

Produce red pigment and common cause of nosocomial infections

Serratia marcescens

Swarming motility; colonies form concentric rings (uti, wounds)

Proteus

Y. Pestis causes plague (Black Death) and tramitted via fleas

Yersinia

Plant pathogens

Erwinia

E. Cloacae and E. aerogenes cause urinary tract infections and nosocomial infections

Enterobacter

Discovered in 2007. C. Sakazakii causes meningitis; found in a variety of environments and foods

Cronobacter

Found in streams, warm-water pipes, and cooling towers causes legionellosis (air conditions)

Legionella