Chem 10 q2

matter + energy

Matter

physical material of the universe, occupies space, 100 elements constitute all matter

diatomic

2 molecules

polyatomic

more than 2 molecules

homoatomic

2 of the same molecule

hetroatomic

2 different molecules

soild

shape: defiant

volume: defiant

liquid

shape: indefinite
volume: definite

gas

shape: indefinite

volume: indefinite

crystalline solid

atoms or molecules that are arranged in geometric patterns with long range repeating patterns

amorphous soild

atoms or molecules that dont have an arranged order

pure substance

a type of matter with a fixed or definite composition

element thats composed of 1 atom

compound that is composed of two or more elements combined in the same proportion

elements

117 known elements, given one or two letter symbols ,give a unique name, cannot be broken down into simpler substances

compounds

combinations of elements

different properties

can separate

Mixtures

substances that are mixed

separated by physical methods

mixtures have variable compositions

homogenous mixture

composition is uniform

different parts of mixture are not visable

heterogenous mixture

composition varies from one part of mixture to another

different parts are visible and can be separated physically.

physical properties

characteristics of a substance that can be observed or measured without changing its identity

chemical changes

processes that involve the transformation of substances into new ones

law of conservation mass

states that mass is neither created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.

potential energy

energy stored in an object due to its position or arrangement.

kinetic energy

energy of an object due to its motion.

forms of energy (kinetic)

electrical

heat or thermal

light or radiant

types of energy (potential)

nuclear

chemical

1 cal =

4.184 Joules

1 Cal

1000 cals

specific heat

heat required to raise the temperature of one gram of a substance by one degree Celsius.

323 k

melting point

100 c

melting point

212 f

melting point

310 k

normal temperature

37 c

normal body temperature

98.6 f

normal temperature

273 k

freezing point

0 c

freezing point

32 f

freezing temperatures