European Expansion and Exploration Topic 4

The first 2 countries to establish maritime empires

Portugal and Spain

(read entire answer) list the technological advances that aided the Age of Exploration

astrolabe, better compasses, sextent

the main reason for exploration

desire for wealth

Prince Henry of what country was the leader of the Age of Exploration

Portugal

who claimed Brazil for Portugal?

Pedro Cabral

who was the leader when the Spanish conquered the Aztecs

Hernando Cortez

who was credited as the first to circumnavigate the globe, though he died

Ferdinand Magellan

who did Pizarro conquer in Peru?

the Incas

what was the name of the system that became a brutal system of forced labor?

encomienda

(read entire answer) list the 4 reasons the Spanish were able to conquer the Aztecs

luck, better weapons, help from other native american tribes, disease

the rise of what system led to the growth of the Atlantic Slave Trade?

plantation system

(read entire answer) list the advantages of African labor in the Americas

immunities, farm experiences, less likely to escape, could not hide

(read entire answer) list the concequences of the slave trade

cultures destroyed, diaspora (the spread of people) hurt families, guns introduced in Africa, imported labor for growth of colonies, and influenced art, music, and religion

(read entire answer) list the ways slaves could try to resist

cope with music, worked slow, broke tools, run away, and revolted

what year did the first slaves arrive in the English colonies?

1619

what was the trip between Africa and the Americas called?

the Middle Passage

what was the ship that spotted land during Columbus's voyage?

the Pinta

who was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean?

Balboa

what trading company was considered one of the first corporations in history?

The East Indian Company

In order to have a favorable balance of trade, a country must do what?

export more than import