Module 4.3b & Module 4.3e - Social Psychology: Social Facilitation

Social Facilitation

The arousal of other people around you when performing an easy/well-learned tasks which leads to improved performance, but decreased performance on difficult tasks.

Social Loafing

A lack of responsibility when participating in a group and relying on others' efforts.

Deindividuation

The loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity.

Group Polarization

Our beliefs and attitudes strengthening when we discuss them with a group of like-minded people.

Groupthink

Thinking that occurs when the desire for harmony in a decision-making group overrides realistic other alternatives/appraisals.

Culture

The enduring behaviors, ideas, attitudes, values, and traditions shared by a group of people and transmitted from one generation to the next.

Cultural Norms

Shared expectations guiding behavior in society.

Tight Cultures

Social norms are rigid and clear, and members try to conform more often.

Loose Cultures

Social norms are looser and flexible.

Multicultualism

Placing value on cultural and ethnic groups' maintenance of their unique identities, beliefs, and practices.

Altruism

Unselfish regard for the well-being of others.

Bystander Effect

Being less likely to help if other bystanders are present.

Social Exchange Theory

The view that we help others because it is in our own self interest, an "exchange" program.

Reciprocity Norm

The expectation that we should return help to, and not harm those who have helped us.

Social-Responsibility Norm

The expectation that we should help those who need our help, even if the costs outweigh the benefits.

Social Traps

Situations where people in conflict pursue their own individual self-interests, harming the collective well-being.

Conflict

A perceived incompatibility of goals, actions, or ideas.

Mirror-image Perceptions

Each party viewing their opponent as untrustworthy and ill-intentioned, meanwhile viewing themselves as an ethical, peaceful victim.

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

A belief that leads to its own fulfillment.

Superordinate Goals

Shared goals that override differences among people and require their cooperation.

GRIT

Graduated and Reciprocated Initiatives in Tension-Reduction, which is a strategy designed to decrease international tensions.

Diffusion of Responsibility

Happens when more people share responsibility for helping, and people are less likely to help.

Win-Lose Orientation

One side gaining more benefits in a conflict, while the other side does not have any benefits.

Win-Win Orientation

Both sides in a conflict will have a mutually beneficial resolution.