Chapter 10: Muscular System

What are the main functions of the Muscular System?

Movement, Stability, Control of Body Openings, Heat Production

Surrounds entire muscle

Epimysium

Surrounds groups of muscles

Perimysuem

Membranes separating muscles from each other

Aponeurosis

Provides the major force for producing a specific movement

Agonist

Add force to a movement, and reduce undesirable movement

Synergists

Oppose or reverse a particular movement

Antagonists

What four muscles are in the abdomen?

External Oblique, Internal Oblique Transverse Abdominous, Rectus Abdiminus

Muscle in abdomen that looks like ‘hands in pockets”, and allows trunk lateral flexion/rotation

External oblique

Muscle in abdomen that is deeper, and allows for trunk lateral flexion/rotation

Internal Oblique

Muscle in abdomen that has horizontal fibers, and compresses abdominal contents

Transverse Abdominus

Muscle in abdomen that allows for respiration

Rectus Abdiminus

What muscles make up the thorax?

External Intercostals, Internal Intercostals, Diaphragm

Muscle in thorax that is the superficial rib cage layer, and helps lift rib cage.

External Intercostals

Muscle in thorax that lies in deeper layer of rib cage, and allows forced respiration

Internal Intercostals

Muscle in thorax that rest in rib cage, and contracts to increase volume of thoracic cavity

Diaphragm

What muscles make up the back/neck area?

Sternocleidomastoid, Trapezius, Latissimus Dorsi, Levator Scapulae

Muscle in the neck/back that run diagonally in the neck, and allow neck lateral flexion and rotation

Sternocleidomastoid

Muscle in the neck/back that run near the back/mid-back, and helps elevate scapula

Trapezius

Muscle in the neck/back that sits on the lower/middle back, and helps with extension, adduction, and internal rotation at the shoulder

Latissumus Dorsi

Muscle in the neck/back that rests on side and back of neck, which elevates and adducts the scapula

Levator Scapulae

What muscles make up the chest area?

Pectoralis Major, Pectoralis Minor, Serratus Anterior

Muscle in the chest that is large in the breast area, and helps with horizontal adduction at shoulder

Pectoralis Major

Muscle in the chest that rests in the armpit area, and helps with scapular depression

Pectoralis Minor

Muscle in the chest that sits on left/right side of rib cage, and helps with pushing motions

Serratus Anterior

What muscles make up the shoulder/arm/forearm area?

Deltoid, Biceps Brachii, Bracialis, Triceps Brachii, Forearm Flexors, Forearm Extensors

Muscle in the shoulder/arm/forearm area that sits right next to the shoulder, and helps with shoulder abduction

Deltoid

Muscle in the shoulder/arm/forearm area that sits right in the middle of the upper arm, and helps with elbow flexion

Biceps Brachii

Muscle in the shoulder/arm/forearm area that covers pretty much the entire bicep, and helps with elbow flexion

Bracialis

Muscle in the shoulder/arm/forearm area that has three heads, and sits on the back of the lower arm.

Triceps Brachii

Muscle in the shoulder/arm/forearm area that are on the front of forearm, and help extension of the wrists

Forearm flexors

Muscle in the shoulder/arm/forearm area that are on the back of the forearm, and aid with extension of the wrist

Forearm extensors

Muscle that is the most superficial, and aids in extension and abduction at the hips

Gluteus Maximus

Muscle that is deeper in the back, and steadies pelvis while moving

Gluteus Medius

Muscle that is the deepest of the glutes, and helps with abduction in hips

Gluteus Minimus

What are the four quadriceps muscles?

Rectus Femoris, Vastus Lateralis, Vastus Intermedius, Vastus Medialis

Quadricep that has tendons cross at hip and knee joints, and flexes at knee

Rectus Femoris

Quadricep that sits on the outside of the legs, and extends the knee

Vastus Lateralis

Quadricep that is the largest of the four, and extends the knee

Vastus Intermedius

Muscle that is the longest in the whole body, and helps with flexion and extension

Satorius

Muscle that is medial to the adductors, and helps with knee flexion

Gracilis

Muscle that lies over adductor brevis, and assist in adduction and flexion of the hips

Pectineus

Muscle that was inveloped from inside IT band, and helps with flexion and abduction at the hips

Tensor Fascia Latae

What is this muscle?

Linea Alba

What is this muscle?

Adductor Longus

What is this muscle?

Semimebranosus

What is this muscle?

Semitendoinosus

What is this muscle?

Biceps Femoris

What is this muscle?

Tibialis Anterior

What is this muscle?

Gastrocnemius

What is this muscle?

Soleus

What is this muscle?

Brachialis