Optics

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48 Terms

1
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What are the two conditions needed to see light?

1. A light source is needed
2. An obstruction (something for the light to bounce off of) is needed

2
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Ray diagram

diagram that shows the path of light from one location to another with a light ray drawn in a straight line

3
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What happens to "white light" when it passes through a prism?

Refraction → split into many colors
- colors have different wavelengths that bounce off of prism at slightly different angles
- will appear separated

4
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Is it possible for an object viewed in red light to appear white?

No, there is no white light for the object to reflect in red light.

5
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Using a flat mirror provides an ____________ reflection of the object.

exact

6
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C (center of curvature)

C = 2f
center of sphere formed by lens/mirror

7
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When an object is located between the focal point and concave mirror, the resulting image is...

virtual
upright
enlarged

8
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When an object is located between the focal point and center of a concave mirror, the resulting image is...

real
inverted
enlarged

9
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When an object is located beyond the center of a concave mirror, the resulting image is

real
inverted
reduced

10
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When an object is placed at the center of curvature of a concave mirror, the resulting image is...

real
inverted
same size as object

11
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Why are concave mirrors used as makeup mirrors?

- allow for magnification
- provide enlarged, upright images
- have large focal point, which will result in more magnified image
- move farther away → image will appear inverted

12
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An image formed by a convex mirror is...

virtual
upright
reduced

13
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An image formed by a plane mirror is...

virtual

14
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Real images formed by concave mirrors are always...

inverted

15
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Convenience stores have convex mirrors because...

- provide virtual, upright, reduced images
- allows wider view of store
- no need for expensive security camera system

16
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Why might light rays change direction when moving from one type of material to another?

- material density
- index of refraction

17
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index of refraction

C = nv, C = speed of light in vacuum = 3 * 10^8 m/s
measure of the bending of a ray of light when passing from a vacuum to a medium

18
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Snell's law

sinθ1/sinθ2 = n2/n1

19
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What happens when you submerge a glass in vegetable oil?

- have same index of refractions (~1.5)
- glass will appear to disappear when submerged in oil

20
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Light bends away from the normal line when...

light is moving from a material with a higher index of refraction to a material with a lower index of refraction

21
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Critical angle

- greatest angle light can strike when traveling from one medium to another without being totally reflected in first medium
- going beyond critical = total internal reflection
- used in fiber optic glass and light pipes: light will internally reflect, will transmit digital signals without losses out the side of the wall of the fiber

<p>- greatest angle light can strike when traveling from one medium to another without being totally reflected in first medium <br>- going beyond critical = total internal reflection <br>- used in fiber optic glass and light pipes: light will internally reflect, will transmit digital signals without losses out the side of the wall of the fiber</p>
22
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Convex lens cause light rays to...

converge

23
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concave lens cause light rays to...

diverge

24
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Why do cameras and telescopes have two convex lens?

need second lens to make image upright

25
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When an object is placed between the focal point and convex lens, the resulting image is...

virtual
upright
enlarged

26
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When an object is placed between the focal point and center of a convex lens, the resulting image is...

real
inverted
enlarged

27
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When an object is placed beyond the center of a convex lens, the resulting image is...

real
inverted
reduced

28
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When an object is placed between the focal point and center of a concave lens, the resulting image is...

virtual
upright
reduced

29
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Luminous source

source that produces light rays

30
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Illuminated source

source that is lit by light rays
- becomes visible as a result of the light reflecting off it
- ask: "is light being reflected off of it and providing a light source?"

31
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Extended source

a luminous source that emits light in all direction from each point on its surface
- if light illuminated from points perpendicular to surface, then some spots would be completely dark because light would not be able to reach those parts

32
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Flat mirror

mirror with flat surface

33
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normal line

perpendicular to mirror surface

34
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reflected ray

ray reflected off mirror

35
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incident ray

ray that strikes mirror

36
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angle of incidence

the angle between the incident ray and the normal

37
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angle of reflection

The angle between the reflected ray and the normal

38
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law of reflection

the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection

39
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Image location

where the image is located relative to mirror

40
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Object distance

distance from object to mirror

41
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Image distance

distance from image to mirror

42
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Virtual image

at any position where the paths of reflected rays seem to originate behind mirror

43
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focal length (f)

distance from focal point to mirror/lens

44
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focal point

location where parallel incident rays converge

45
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real image

image that appears to come from a point where rays actually meet

46
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virtual image

image that appears to come from a point where rays do not actually meet (need to extend rays)

47
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mirror equation/thin lens equation

1/f = 1/do + 1/di

48
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magnification equation

m = hi/ho = -di/do