Reactions of organic compounds

Alkane → amine

NH3 (ammonia)

Alkane → haloalkane

Halogen (eg.Cl2), UV light

Alkane + halogen and UV light

Haloalkane

Alkane + NH3

Amine

Alkene → alkane

H2, Ni catalyst

Alkene → haloalkane

Halogen (eg. Cl2) or hydrohalide (eg. HCl)

Alkene → alcohol

H2O, H3PO4 catalyst, high heat

Alkene + H2, Ni catalyst

Alkane

Alkene + halogen (eg. Cl2)

Dihaloalkane (2 halogen atoms)

Alkene + hydrohalide

Haloalkane (1 halogen atom)

Alkene + H2O, H3PO4 catalyst and heat

Alcohol

Secondary alcohol + H+ and MnO4- or Cr2O7(2-)

Ketone

Primary alcohol + H+ and MnO4- or Cr2O7(2-) (no heat/incomplete)

Aldehyde

Primary alcohol + H+ and MnO4- or Cr2O7(2-) and high heat

Carboxylic acid

Haloalkane → alcohol

OH- ions (eg. KOH or NaOH), H2O and catalyst

Haloalkane + OH- and H2O and catalyst

Alcohol

Primary alcohol + carboxylic acid, H+ (acidic environment, eg. H2SO4)

Ester

Ester + dilute HCl

Carboxylic acid and primary alcohol

Carboxylic acid + NH3

Amide

Alcohol + carboxylic acid → ester

H+ (acidic environment, eg. H2SO4)

Secondary alcohol → ketone

H+ and MnO4- or Cr2O7(2-)

Primary alcohol → aldehyde

H+ and MnO4- or Cr2O7(2-)

Primary alcohol → carboxylic acid

H+ and MnO4- or Cr2O7(2-), high heat

Carboxylic acid → amide

NH3

Ester → carboxylic acid + primary alcohol

Dilute HCl (HCl and H2O)

Alkane to amine/haloalkane; haloalkane to alcohol;

Substitution reactions

Alkene to alkane/haloalkane/alcohol

Addition reactions

Alcohol to ketone/aldehyde/carboxylic acid

Oxidation reactions

Alcohol + carboxylic acid to ester

Condensation reaction

Ester to carboxylic acid + alcohol

Hydrolysis reaction

Alkane general formula

C(n)H(2n+2)

Alkene general formula

C(n)H(2n)