Untitled Flashcards Set

What is the definition of stress?

A complex physiological and psychological response to internal or external demands.

What are stressors?

Events or situations that trigger a stress response, which can be acute (short-term) or chronic (long-lasting).

What is the stress response?

The body's physiological reaction to a perceived threat, involving the activation of the HPA axis and the release of hormones like cortisol and adrenaline.

What does homeostasis refer to?

The body's ability to maintain a stable internal environment despite external changes.

What are coping mechanisms?

Strategies individuals use to manage stress, which can be adaptive (e.g., exercise) or maladaptive (e.g., substance abuse).

What is allostatic load?

The cumulative wear and tear on the body from repeated or prolonged activation of the stress response.

Who coined the term 'fight-or-flight' response?

Walter Cannon.

What is the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS)?

A three-stage model of the body's response to prolonged stress: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.

What is cortisol?

A steroid hormone released during stress that affects metabolism, immune function, and other bodily processes.

What does psychosomatic illness mean?

Physical symptoms caused or worsened by psychological factors, such as stress.

What is the tend-and-befriend theory?

A stress response proposed by Shelly Taylor, characterized by nurturing behaviors and seeking social support.

What is the role of the hippocampus in stress?

A brain region crucial for learning and memory, particularly vulnerable to the effects of chronic stress.

What did the Longevity Project study reveal?

It identified factors like a strong sense of control, positive outlook, strong social support, and low stress levels associated with longevity.

What is the significance of job control according to Michael Marmot's research?

Lower job control is correlated with higher rates of cardiovascular disease.

What is optimal arousal?

The most enjoyable or productive level of physiological activation.

How does stress affect mental health?

Chronic stress can lead to mental health issues such as anxiety, depression, and mood disorders.

How does stress affect physical health?

Prolonged stress can contribute to health problems like heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and weakened immune response.

What is the role of social support in managing stress?

Social support can buffer the effects of stress, promoting coping and resilience through emotional and practical assistance.

What is the difference between eustress and distress?

Eustress is positive stress that can motivate and energize, while distress is negative stress that can overwhelm and drain energy.

How can exercise reduce stress?

Exercise stimulates the release of endorphins, improves mood, and helps mitigate the effects of stress on the body.

What influence did Walter Cannon have on our understanding of stress?

Walter Cannon introduced the 'fight-or-flight' response concept, highlighting the physiological reactions to stress.

What did Shelly Taylor contribute to stress research?

Shelly Taylor proposed the tend-and-befriend theory, suggesting that stress responses can also involve nurturing and seeking social connections.

Why is understanding the role of the hippocampus in stress important?

Understanding its vulnerability to chronic stress is vital for addressing stress-related memory issues and mental health.