MUSHL 101

Choral

Hymn-like songs used for congregational singing in the Lutheran church. Composed of a rather simple four-part SATB a sacred genre that was sung during worship by the congregation along with the professional choir

Cantata

a sacred cantata is a musical composition written for performance during christian church services, particularly for special events

Generally has 6 to 8 sections called movements

Performed by a choir with instrumental accompaniments, the word cantata comes from the word to sing

String Quartet

music that can be played in small intimate spaces

Always performed w/ two violins, one viola, and one cello

string quartet

Symphony

a multimovement genre for an orchestra ensemble typically includes 30 to 60 musicians playing

Symphony

a multimovement genre for an orchestra ensemble typically includes 30 to 60 musicians playing. 

The structure is 4 movements

Concerto

a musical composition for a solo instrument or instruments accompanied by an orchestra, especially one conceived on a relatively large scale.

Fugue

____are a form written in an imitative contrapuntal style in multiple parts. ____ are based upon their original tune that is called the subject. The subject is then imitated and overlapped by the other parts by the called the answer, countersubject, stretto, and episode

Opera

dramatic work in one or more acts, set to music for singers and instrumentalists; typically includes several solo voices in different ranges and an orchestra, sometimes there is also a choir

The earliest opera plots were based on Greek mythology and historical epics

Aria

self-contained piece for one voice that focuses on expressing a single emotion, often designed to give the singer an opportunity to show their skill

Recitative

musical declamation of the kind usual in the narrative and dialogue parts of opera; often sung in the rhythm of ordinary speech with many words on the same note often used to advance the action of the plot

Polyphonic

consisting of multiple equal melodic lines sounding simultaneously

Homophonic

consisting of a single main melodic line with accompaniment that supports that line

Monophonic

consisting of a single melodic line with no accompaniment

Sonata

a multimovement genre for solo instrument alone or with piano accompaniment

Follows the same 4 movements as the symphony and string quartet

This means that the first movement is usually in Sonata form

Exposition, development, and recapitulation—it was also used for the first movements

(and sometimes final movements) of almost all Classical symphonies and string

quartets.

Exposition

presents the primary themes and keys

music modulates to a different key during a sub-section that is called a "transi-

tion." Once the new key is established, subsequent themes appear.

Development

"develops" the primary themes of the

movement.

Recapitulation

brings back the primary themes and

home key of the movement. A simultaneous return of the first theme and home key

generally marks its beginning.

Coda

a sub-section that re-emphasizes the home

key and that generally provides a dramatic conclusion.

Augmentation

The development of musical themes or subjects by lengthening or multiplying the

durations of the notes or pitches

Libretto

text of an opera

Theme and Variations

consists of the presentation of a theme and then the variations

upon it. The theme may be illustrated as A with any number of variations follow-

ing it: A', A'', A''', A'''', etc

Cadence

The ending of a musical phrase providing a sense of closure, often through the

use of one chord that resolves to another

Texture

the ways in which musical lines of a musical piece interact

Timbre

the tone color or tone quality of a sound

Tonic

the most important pitch of a key; the note from which the other pitches are

derived

Dynamic

the variation in the volume of musical sound

Dominant

is the second most and often leads us back to the tonic

Modulation

A change of key within a piece of music

Secular

Non-religious

Sacred

For religious use

Baroque