active transport- blue

active transport

when a cell uses energy to move molecules or ions across a membrane against the concentration gradient

primary active transport

a molecule or ion is transported across the membrane against its concentration gradient by a protein pump that uses ATP hydrolysis to provide energy(such as the sodium potassium pump)

secondary transport

energy is derived from an electrochemical gradient established by primary active transport.(sodium glucose cotransporter and the sodium-calcium exchanger)

endocytosis

cell takes in large molecules by engulfing them in a portion of the cell membrane

phagocytosis

cell engulfs large particles by forming a phagosome around them

pinocytosis

cell takes in small molcules or fluid by forming small vessicles

receptor mediated endocytosis

highly selective; cell takes in specific molecules that have bound to receptor proteins, which are internalized along with bound molecules

exocytosis

cells release molecules by fusing vesicles to the cell membrane- secretion of hormones, neurotransmitters, and digestive enzymes