Chapter 26 review

Where is the red bone marrow located?

Bone trabeculae

Which of the following is NOT a type of cell found in bone?

Osteonome

In endochondral ossification, the mesodermal (mesenchymal) cells differentiate into cartilage first and then bones are formed initially from cartilaginous precursors.

True

Growth in the length of bones is the result of proliferation of cartilage at the periosteum, which is converted into bone.

False

What is the cause of osteomalacia in adults?

Defective intestinal absorption of vitamin D

What disease causes a type of dwarfism in which the limbs are disproportionately short?

Achondroplasia

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of congenital hip dislocation?

 

Slippery bone surface

In the most common clubfoot position equinovarus, the foot is rotated outward and the weight is born on the heel.

False

Syndactyly is often a part of a number of syndromes.

True

How does the osteogenesis imperfecta disease arise?

Genetic mutation

What causes most of the joint damage in RA?

Cytokines

What is Methotrexate?

 

Cytotoxic immunosuppressive drug

What is the substance responsible for gout?

Uric acid

Patients with kidney failure many times experience secondary gout.

True

In RA, fibrous adhesions often develop within the joint, but the ends of the adjacent bones do not become completely fused.

False

Why is the compound fracture more serious than other types of fractures?

The possibility of osteomyelitis

To what does the term reduction of a fracture refer?

Realigning the bone pieces

Callus is newly synthesized bone.

True

How is diabetes sometimes responsible for osteomyelitis?

Chronic ulcers of the feet

Hematogenous osteomyelitis is more common in children than in adults.

True

Osteomyelitis is treated by a short, powerful course of antibiotic therapy

False

What is non-ossifying fibroma?

Defect in the cortical bone of children

Bone is rarely affected by metastatic tumors.

False

At what age is chondrosarcoma likely to occur?

4th to 6th decade

Why do postmenopausal women make up the largest group of osteoporosis patients?

Lack of estrogen

What type of drug is raloxifene?

Selective estrogen receptor

Bone mineral density measurement of the wrist using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry is recommended for all women over the age of 65 and men over the age of 70.

True

Which of the following is NOT associated with avascular necrosis?

Intravenous drug use

What is the most common sites of avascular necrosis?

Femoral head, tibial tubercle, femoral condyle

Avascular necrosis may also occur in adults if the blood supply to a bone is interrupted.

True

Avascular necrosis may also occur in adults if the blood supply to a bone is interrupted.  

True

What is the most serious complication of Marfan syndrome?

Defective aortic elastic fibers

Often, Marfan syndrome is not transmitted from a parent, but instead results from a new spontaneous FBN1 gene mutation.

False

The two important types of connective tissue are the widely distributed collagen fibers that provide strength but lack flexibility, and elastic fibers that can stretch and return to their former shape.

True

Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle tissue?

Mucosal muscle

What are the long threadlike structures that fill skeletal muscle cells composed of?

Myofilaments

A chemical mediator initiates the biochemical chain of events that causes the actin and myosin filaments to slide together, which leads to lengthening of the muscle fiber.

False

A localized muscle inflammation gradually subsides at the muscle injury heals.

True

Dermatomyositis, a type of inflammatory myopathy associated with swelling and inflammation of the skin, affects only children.

False

What is the name of the disease that is limited to adults and associated with T cell mediated damage to muscles?

Polymyositis

What is the name of the disease characterized by abnormal fatigability of the voluntary muscles?

Myasthenia gravis

What disease is a milder type of muscular degeneration?

Becker muscular dystrophy

Which of the following statements regarding muscular dystrophy is correct?

It is transmitted to an X-linked trait to male children of women who are carriers of the mutant gene

It is caused by a mutation of the gene that is responsible for the synthesis of a muscle protein called dystrophin.

It is a hereditary disease

Which of the following is a complication of untreated gout?

Tophi

Acute joint inflammation

Kidney damage (nephropathy)

The actual stimulation of the muscle cell is the result of a chemical called cholinesterase.

False

Talipes has an incidence of about 1 in 10,000 infants.

false

Congenital dislocation of the hip occurs most commonly in male babies

False

Which of the following statements related to osteoporosis is correct

 

Supplementary calcium intake may retard or prevent progression of the disease

It is manifested by progressive decalcification of bones.

It predisposes to fracture.

In bone structure, the cortex can best be described as which of the following?

The compact bone that forms the outer layer

Which of the following statements about osteoarthritis is correct?

 

The joints usually affected are the major weight-bearing joints.

Effects of the disease include an overgrowth of bone

There are no systemic symptoms of biochemical abnormalities.

Avascular necrosis occurs when the growing cartilaginous ends of bone in children and adolescents undergo necrosis and degeneration because of interference with the blood supply to those ends.

True

The episodes of acute arthritis in patients with gout result from which of the following?

Acute inflammation in the joints due to precipitation of uric acid crystals within the joint fluid