Chapter 2
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23 Terms
What is chemistry?
The science dealing with the properties and transformations of matter.
What is matter?
Anything that occupies space and has a mass.
What are the three forms of matter?
Solid, liquid, or gas.
What is an atom?
The smallest functional unit of matter.
What are essential elements?
Elements required in large supply for organisms to survive, such as Hydrogen, Nitrogen, Carbon, and Oxygen.
What are protons?
Subatomic particles located in the nucleus of an atom that have a positive charge.
What are neutrons?
Subatomic particles located in the nucleus that have a neutral charge.
What are electrons?
Subatomic particles located in orbitals around the nucleus with a negative charge.
What is oxidation?
The loss of an electron by an atom.
What is reduction?
The gain of an electron by an atom.
What is a covalent bond?
A bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.
What is a hydrogen bond?
A weak attraction between hydrogen atoms of one molecule and an electronegative atom in another molecule.
What is the role of water in biological reactions?
Water is the most abundant compound that participates in many biological reactions and is needed for life.
What are acids?
Substances that release hydrogen ions (H+) when placed in water.
What are bases?
Substances that release hydroxide ions (OH-) when placed in water.
What is a buffer?
Compounds that minimize changes in pH.
What is a monosaccharide?
The simplest form of carbohydrates, consisting of single sugar units.
What is a disaccharide?
A carbohydrate composed of two monosaccharides covalently bonded together.
What are lipids?
Fats, oils, and waxes that are hydrophobic and serve as stored energy.
What are amino acids?
The building blocks of proteins, which can bond in various sequences.
What is DNA?
Deoxyribonucleic Acid, the primary genetic material in living organisms.
What is RNA?
Ribonucleic Acid, involved in protein synthesis.
What is ATP?
Adenosine Triphosphate, the major energy source for cells.