MBB wk 3-2 genetic coding

reading and writing polypeptide sequence always uses the __________ direction

N-to-C

what do you call it when reading in the C-terminal direction

forward or downstream

what do you call it when reading in the N-terminal direction

backwards or upstream

what do you call it when reading in the 3’ direction (5’ to 3’)

forward or downstream

what do you call it when reading in the 5’ direction (3’ to 5’)

backwards or upstream

are the two strands of DNA antiparallel or parallel

antiparallel

what are all the base pairs (RNA and DNA)

G:C, A:T, A:U

do both strand of DNA carry the same information

yes

what are the benefits of storing genetic information in two strands

if one strand is damaged or mutated, the complementary strand would still contain the same info, acting like a back up. 

what enzyme is used in the process of DNA replication

DNA polymerase (DNAP)

describe the process of DNA replication

• two parental strands are used as a template for synthesis of a daughter strand 

• DNAP adds nucleotides one by one to the daughter strand 

• each new nucleotide is added to the 3’ end of the daughter strand 

what are the substrates in DNA replication 

deoxynucleoside triphosphate (dNTP) 

what is released from DNA replication

diphosphate

what enzyme is used in transcription

RNA polymerase 

describe the process of replication

• RNA polymerase uses one strand as a template for synthesis of a new complementary strand of mRNA

which end is the RNA strand made first

5’

which side does the RNA strand add nucleotides from 

3’

what are the substrates in transcription

nucleoside triphosphate (NTP)

which strand does the RNA polymerase use to make the complementary strand

template strand

which side are the new nucleotides added to the daughter strand

3’

explain the relationship between the RNA daughter strand and the DNA coding strand

they have the same sequence, except RNA daughter strand has Uracil instead of Thymine 

what is the enzyme used in translation

ribosomes

what type of RNA is used in translation

tRNA

how is tRNA “charged”

by linkage to an amino acid 

how does tRNA base pair with mRNA codons

tRNA contains anticodons that are antiparallel to mRNA codons and it can base-pair with the proper mRNA codon

which end of the tRNA links to an amino acid cargo

3’

what is the anticodon arm

a part of tRNA that contains an anticodon triplet sequence to pair with mRNA codons

what is the substrate in translation

amino acyl-tRNA (charged tRNA)

when is the “uncharged” tRNA released

after it’s amino acid cargo is delivered

what is the preparatory reaction that happens in the cytoplasm before translation

an aminoacyl-tRNA synthase enzyme attaches an amino acid to its proper tRNA

what is the “formula” for the amino-tRNA synthetase species

amino acid - tRNA

what is the animo-tRNA synthetase if the amino acid is Trp

Trp-tRNA^trp