United States History

Collective Bargaining

This is what workers are in when they negotiate as a group with employers.

Monopoly

When a company has no competition in selling its product.

Socialism

This is the philosophy that advocates pubic control of property.

Anarchists

Political radicals who violently oppose all forms of government

Division of Labor

Breaking a job down into separate tasks and having each worker perform a different task.

Scabs

Employers used these to replace workers that were on strikes.

What attracted many Asian immigrants to the United States in the 1800s?

The jobs with American railroad companies.

How did John D. Rockefeller gain control of the oil industry?

By using Horizontal consolidation /integration. (Combining all of the smaller oil companies into one big one)

What happened at the Massacre at Wounded Knee?

American soldiers killed more than 200 Sioux Native Americans.

The government contributed to the building of the transcontinental railroad by…

awarding lawns and land grants to private companies to build the railroad.

The main objective of the nativists was to…

restrict immigration.

During the late 1800s, children often worked in factories because…

families needed the income to survive.

What powerful position did William Marcy Tweed hold?

New York City;s Democratic Political boss

During the late 1800s, the port of entry for the majority of immigrants was…

NYC

How did Andrew Carnegie gain control of the steel industry?

He did this with vertical consolidation. (Combing the hole supply change into one company)

What was one key requirement that applicants had o meet to receive land under the Homestead Act?

They had to farm the land for five years in a row.

Without the Bessemer process, Americans might not have been able to create…

The Brooklyn Bridge.

As a result of the Pullman Strike, for the next 30 years the government…

denied recognition to unions.

Critics of power industrialists referred to them as what?

Robber Barons.

What event happened at the Haymarket Square RIot?

An unknown individual threw a bomb at the police.

What attached many immigrants to the United States?

A chance at a better life.

The GOAL of the Sherman Antitrust Act was to what?

Promote fair industrial competition (no more monopolies)

What revolutionized American communication in the late 1800s?

The telegraph and telephone

According to the theory of Social Darwinism, the government should…

stay out of business affairs.

Why was President Garfield shot?

Because he was trying to reform the spoils system and was selected actually good politicians to his cabinet. His vice president was for the spoils system so all they had to do was kill the first guy.

What were 3 major issues labor unions addressed?

1: Long work hours

2: Horrible working conditions

3: Horrible pay

What does the term Gilded Age mean?

That the outside looked fine and perfect and sparkly all covered in gold but it reality on the inside it was a mess and corrupt.

Custer’s Last Stand is also known as what?

The Battle of Little Bighorn.

Which President’s administration is associated with the Credit Mobilier Scandal?

Grant’s administration.

What foreign policy created in the early 1800s would be added upon by Roosevelt who thought the US should act as an ‘international police force’ in order to stop ‘chronic wrongdoing’?

The Monroe Doctorine.

What Amendment passed during Taft’s Presidency allowed the Government to tax US citizen income?

The 16th

What did the Jungle written by Upton Sinclair lead to?

The direct passage of the Meat Inspection Act and indirect passage of the Pure Food and Drug Acts

The Spanish-American War would break out when an American ship, the USS Maine would explode while docked where?

Cuba

What was the Supreme Court’s role in progressive reform during the Presidency of Teddy and Taft?

The Supreme Court supported their mission to regulate trusts and monopolies.

What revolt was led by a rebel group in 1900 to rid its home country of China of ‘foreign devils’ and Christianity?

The Boxer Rebellion

What were Roosevelt’s 3 C’s?

Conservationism, Consumer interest, Corporate regulations.

Most Progressives agreed that the United States Government should do what?

Intervene in order to improve society

“Speak softly and carry a big stick” was whose foreign policy motto?

Teddy Roosevelt

Who was the founder of both the Niagara Movement and he NAACP?

W.E. B. DuBois

19th Amendment

Women voting rights

Conservationists

People that care about the natural resources on the land.

Clayton Antitrust Act

Stated that striking an unions are actually legal.

The Great White Fleet

Roosevelt sent this fleet on a little tour around the world. Emphasized his big sick policy.

Muckrakers

These are the journalists and writers that right about the crap going on in society and the bad things of the gilded age.

What are the 3 primary view points about US imperialsim?

1: Dollar Diplomacy

2: Pro-Imperialism

3: Isolationism

What change in the America work life elevated the demand for entertainment industries?

The workers demanded more pay and less hours and so they had more free time.

What best describes the Zimmerman telegram?

Germany requested that Mexico declared war on the US to distract them from entering the war in Europe.

The event that sparked the beginning of WW1 was:

Assassination of the Archduke Franz Ferdinand

Which of Wilson’s 14 points did the European powers agree to adding the Treaty of Versailles?

The formation of an international peace-keeping organization.

What cause of WW1 made a local conflict become global?

Alliances

In WW1, airplanes were primarily used to:

Observe enemy activities

“He kept us out of war” was th e1916 campaign slogan of which president?

Woodrow Wilson

U-boats

The submarines used by Germany

Sedition Acts

This was against the American citizens and told them that they couldn’t speak out against the war.

League of Nations

THe peace organization that was international with different countries and was one of Wilson’s 14 points.

How did the Treaty of Versailles establish European relationships that were ready for WWII?

It put all the debt on Germany and they were blamed for everything and it put Germany in a spot of need for a leader and to be helped.

What was the main goal of wilson’s 14 points?

The main goal was to take down the barriers that were surrounding Germany. He didn’t believe that all the blame should be put on Germany and he also wanted open trade throughout the water and no blockades. International peace and prevent WW2 so the League of Nations.

The mechanization of warfare made its way into the hands of bootlegging gangsters with the mass production of the…

Thompson Submachine Gun

American religious Fundamentalism of the 1920s can be defined as an…

Conservation Protestant movement that believed in the literal meaning of the Bible.

In the 1920s, the KKK…

Grew in power and influence in order to combat the changing culture influenced by the Harlem Renaissance.

How was Henery Ford able to make his Model T’s affordable for most Americans?

He invented an assembly line that enabled him to produce cars quickly and cheaply.

The decade after WW1 was characterized by a clash between the ideal and values of…

tradition conservatives and modern urban Americans.

The new mass entertainment technologies of radio and movies were made possibly by the…

existence of plentiful electricity.

AFter WW1, America would turn back into…

Isolationist.

President FDR created the CCC, with hopes of supplying young men with a job. What does CCC stand for?

Civilian Conservation Corps

How did the New Deal assist farmer?

By subsidizing to cut back on production, subsidizing them to plant soil-enriching crops and by artificially inflating agricultural prices.

The effects of Prohibition included what?

More expensive homemade alcohol, such as moonshine, which was sold in speakeasies.

Increased government corruption, as local police and politicians, took brides from gangsters to ignore the movement and sale of alcohol.

The rise of organized crime as gangs become more powerful with the money they obtained from selling illegal weapons.

Some thought that Nicola Sacco and Bartolomeo Vanzetti had been victims of xenophobia because they were…

Foreign Immigrants

All of the following were causes of the Great Depression:

The assumption that the stock market would continue to rise.

Overproduction in the agriculture industry.

The growth of consumerism and spending on credit.

The main reason Herbert Hoover was elected by a large majority of votes was because he…

promised to continue the economic boom.

The New Deal set out to curb the impact of the Great Depression through laws, services, and institutions whose goals were all of the following:

Recovery, Reform, Relief

What did the Fair Labor Standards Act do?

Established the forty hour workday and minimum wage.

Al Capone

One of America’s most wealthy and successful Gangsters. Based out of Chicago, he was known for his illegal bootlegging during the era of prohibition.

Louis Armstrong

An African American Jazz musician who was well known for his trumpet playing and vocals.

Charles Lindbergh

United States aviator who in 1927 made the first solo nonstop flight across the Atlantic Ocean and was an international celebrity.

Red Scare

A widespread fear that communism was spreading and would eventually overthrow the government of the United States.

Communism

The political and social philosophy where all property is publicly owned and the wealth is distributed equally among the people.

Securities and exchange Commission

This organization would be created to prevent corporations from committing fraud or manipulating their stock prices.

National Recovery Administration

Permitted all workers to join unions of their choice and allowed workers o bargain collectively for wage increases and benefits, allowed workers to go on strike to try to force employers to meet their demands.

Executive Order 6102

Americans were required to sell their gold to the United States at $20.67 an Oz. It also made in unlawul to hold more than $100 worth of gold.

The Glass-Steagall Act

Established the FDIC and protect the depositors money in the bank to prevent bank runs.

The Dust Bowl

This was caused by overproduction in agriculture due to WW1. As a result of these practices and drought, the soil eroded and moved around with storms.

Trickle Down Economics

The theory that giving tax cuts to the rich will encourage them to expand their business, creating more jobs. The money from these tax cuts would encourage the wealthy to pay their workers more.

Franklin Delano Roosevelt

32nd US President, He began the New Deal programs to help the nation out of the Great Depression, and he was the nation’s leader during most of WW2.

Langston Hueges

An African American that was well known for his poetry which typically reflected upon the African American’s experience in Urban communities.

Black Tuesday

Following the stock market crash. This day in 1929 is most notable by the overwhelming bank run.

Harlem Renaissance

A period in the 1920s when African American achievement in art and music and literature flourished and influenced America.

D-Day

Operation Overload, launched in June 1944.

Battle of Guadalcanal

This victory marked the first piece of regained Allied territory in the Pacific and placed them in a position of superiority.

Battle of the Bulge

After its loss here, Germany realized that they had been defeated.

Poland

This is where the war in Europe officially began because of the invasion of it.

Pearl Harbor

In December 7th of 1941, Japan unexpectedly attacked.

Battle of Stalingrad

This was the allied victory. The Russians stopped the German offensive in Eastern Europe.

Sudetenland

Hitler was promised to stop his aggression if he was given this.

Battle of Okinawa

This influenced the decision to drop the Atomic bombs on Japan because it demonstrated Japan’s willingness to fight to the death.

The United States decided to attack the Western Front first in…

France

The most significant racial discrimination in America to occur during WW2 was against who?

Japanese Americans

(T or F) Mussolini was able to take control in Italy without the use of force.

True

(T or F) U-boats were submarines being used by the British during WWII for suprise attacks.

Flase

The atomic bomb was used on which two Japanese cities?

Hiroshima and Nagasaki