Sport/Physical activity exam

What is physical literacy?

The ability, confidence, and desire to be physically active for life.

What are the three components of physical literacy?

Ability, confidence, and desire.

What does 'ability' in physical literacy refer to?

Having competency in basic movement skills and enough fitness to participate in different activities.

List some examples of basic movement skills.

Running, balancing, hopping, skipping, jumping, dodging, swimming, throwing, catching.

What does 'confidence' in physical literacy entail?

Believing that you have the ability to participate in sports and physical activities.

What supports confidence in physical activity?

Inclusive programs, parents, coaches, teammates, and encouragement.

What does 'desire' in physical literacy mean?

Having an intrinsic enthusiasm or wanting to participate in physical activity.

What is sport sampling?

Participating in multiple sports/recreational activities rather than specializing in one sport early.

What are the benefits of sport sampling?

More opportunities to find a sport you enjoy, potential to reach elite status, transfer of skills, increased motivation, and reduced burnout.

What is sport specialization?

Intensive, year-round training in a single sport at the exclusion of other sports.

Why is early specialization not recommended?

It is not the ideal developmental pathway for most young athletes.

What do kids primarily want from sports?

Fun.

What factors contribute to sports being fun for kids?

Trying their best, respect from coaches, getting playing time, teamwork, and exercising.

What do kids rank as less fun in sports?

Winning, tournaments, specialty trainers, medals, and traveling.

What do kids want from a coach?

Respect, encouragement, positive role model, clear communication, knowledge of the sport, and someone who listens.

What is the American Development Model (ADM)?

A model developed by the U.S. Olympic Committee to improve youth athletic development.

What are the core ideas of the ADM?

Universal access, developmentally appropriate activities, fundamental skills, multisport participation, fun, progressive challenges, and quality coaching.

Who created the National Youth Sports Strategy (NYSS)?

The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).

What age group does the NYSS focus on?

Youth ages 6-17.

What are the four key pillars of the NYSS?

Increase awareness, promote strategies, develop metrics, recruit volunteers.

What is the NYSS Social-Ecological Framework?

A framework with five levels: Individual, Interpersonal, Organizational, Community, and Public Policy.

What are major barriers to youth sports?

Cost, access, time, lack of facilities, poor coaching, safety concerns, cultural norms, and exclusionary policies.

What is the biggest driver of early participation in youth sports?

Household income.

Why is transportation important in African American and Hispanic neighborhoods regarding recreation?

These neighborhoods often have fewer nearby recreation facilities, making transportation to parks and school sites particularly important.

What five components are necessary for a successful sports program?

Program, affordable cost, safe facility, transportation, and opportunity to participate.

What are the key elements needed to revitalize recreational leagues?

Quality of programming, number of available participants, skill development, advancement opportunities, affordability, family time demands, and inclusion.

What is unstructured/free play?

Relatively spontaneous, expressive, and unstructured physical activity created for immediate pleasure, such as pickup basketball or sandlot baseball.

What benefits does free play provide to children?

It helps develop creativity, decision-making, social skills, conflict resolution, negotiation, self-direction, and intrinsic motivation.

What should sports programs consider regarding children's development?

Programs should account for physical, mental, emotional development, skill level, and age.

What modifications should be made for young children in sports?

Use smaller playing areas, smaller equipment, fewer players, modified rules, and more opportunities to practice skills.

What are the NYSS safety principles for youth sports?

Use appropriate gear/equipment, choose safe environments, follow rules/policies, and make sensible decisions about activity.

What are the characteristics of a quality youth sports program?

It should be safe, fun, inclusive, developmentally appropriate, accessible, and led by qualified adults.

What does positive youth development involve?

Engaging youth in communities, recognizing strengths, building relationships, providing opportunities, and supporting leadership development.

What are the physical activity guidelines for youth?

Youth need at least 60 minutes of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity every day, including aerobic, muscle-strengthening, and bone-strengthening activities.

Define sport.

A form of physical activity that aims to develop or maintain skills, fitness, mental well-being, and social-emotional health through recreational or competitive participation.

What is organized sport?

Rule-governed and externally structured physical activities involving competition/challenges and specific skills/strategies.

What is casual sport?

Informal physical activity created and controlled by participants.

What is play?

Spontaneous, expressive, relatively unstructured physical activity created for immediate enjoyment.

What are underserved communities?

Communities with little or no access to programs, services, resources, or opportunities that meet their needs.

How does sport sampling contribute to physical literacy?

It develops a variety of movement skills and helps children discover activities they enjoy, building confidence and desire for lifelong participation.

What are the five levels of the NYSS social-ecological framework?

1. Individual, 2. Interpersonal, 3. Organizational, 4. Community, 5. Public Policy.

What does the individual level of the NYSS framework focus on?

Youth's awareness, personal growth, physical literacy, and sport sampling.

What role do interpersonal relationships play in youth sports?

Parents, coaches, and other adults provide positive role modeling, coaching, and safety.

What is the organizational level's responsibility in youth sports?

Organizations provide funding, transportation, quality programming, and trained coaches.

How can communities support youth sports participation?

By providing safe play spaces, transportation, and partnerships.

What is the role of public policy in youth sports?

Governments use legislation, funding, research, surveillance, and public messaging to support youth sports.

What is the central argument connecting the Aspen Institute reading and the NYSS?

Kids need opportunities to participate in fun, safe, inclusive, developmentally appropriate sports.

What are some major problems in the current youth sports system?

High costs, limited access, transportation issues, early specialization, excessive adult control, pressure to win, burnout/injury, and kids quitting.

What is the proposed solution to improve youth sports participation?

Sport for all, play for life, emphasizing physical literacy, sport sampling, fun, quality coaching, and inclusive programs.

Aspen Play 1

Asking kids what they want in terms of sports and play, ensuring their voices are heard in creating enjoyable experiences.

Aspen Play 2

Reintroducing free play and less structured activities, allowing children to explore and engage in sport naturally.

Aspen Play 3

Encourage sport sampling by allowing children to try different sports before specializing, promoting broader skill development and lifelong enjoyment of physical activity.

Aspen Play 4

Revitalizing in-town leagues. This play describes working to make local leagues more active and successful again. This could be done by lowering the cost to play and being more inclusive.​.

Aspen Play 5

Think small - this play describes building more available areas for play

Aspen Play 6

Design for development - This play talks about how planning for the future leads to better results more consistently.

Aspen Play 7

Train all coaches - This play describes how kids are far less likely to quit a sport if they are playing for a trained coach

Aspen Play 8

Emphasize prevention- Injury risk prevents the participation and development of athletes. Coaches should be trained in CPR, general prevention, physical conditioning, and concussion management. ​