Biology Life Sciences 11

THE NEEDS AND CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS

organisms

any living things

4 things that organisms need for survival

air, water, shelter and nutrients

what is the function of water

Water serves essential roles in organisms, including maintaining cellular structure, transporting nutrients, and regulating body temperature.

examples of cellular activity

DNA replication, cell division, protein synthesis, breaking down food, transpot of nutrients and waste

what are nutrients

they provide organisms with what they need to grow

autrophs

organisms that produce their own food through photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.

heterotrophs

organisms that depend on other organisms for food

what are some examples of autotrophs

plants and some bacteria

what are some examples of heterotrophs

carnivores, herbivores and omnivores

what are carnivores?

they eat animals

what are herbivores

they eat plants

what are omnivores

they eat both plants and animals

why are nutrients important?

they help with roots, flowers and healthy cells

What is shelter?

a place where an organism can get food, water and a space to live

what gas is needed for photosynthesis

carbon dioxide

what gas is needed for cellular respiration

oxygen

what is an acronym for the characteristics and needs of all organisms

cuddly hedgehogs eat ripe tomatoes, gulping red cherries

what are the characteristics of all living things

cells, homeostasis, energy, reproduce, traits, grow, respond and change

what are unicellular organisms

unicellular organisms are simple organisms with one cell

examples of unicellular organism

bacteria and archaea

what are multicellular organisms

multicellular organisms are complex organisms with two or more cells

examples of multicellular organisms

animals and plants

what is homeostasis

ability to maintain internal conditions in response to environmental changes

what is the energy currency of a cell

ATP( adenosine triphosphate)

what is sexual reproduction

two parents produce offspring with different genes

what is asexual reproduction

single parent produces offspring that is identical to parent, called a clone

what is the function of a trait

traits are passes down on genes found in DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)

what is stimuli

stimulus is any activity that brings about a response

what is an internal stimulus

a signal or a change originating inside an organisms body that triggers physiological, psychological and behavioral reaction

what are examples of internal stimulus

hunger→ you find something to eat, thirst→ you drink water

what is an external stimulus

a signal or a change that originates outside an organisms body that triggers physiological, psychological and behavioral reactions

examples of external stimulus

light→ you stay awake, sound→ you are more aware of your surroundings

what is natural selection

the process where traits best suited for the environment will survive passed on to offspring