Ch. 1: Information Systems Textbook

Application (or app)

A computer program designed to support a specific task or business process.

Business Analytics (BA) systems

Systems that provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.

Computer-based information Systems (CBIS)

Systems that provide computer-based support for complex, nonroutine decisions, primarily for middle managers and knowledge workers.

Dashboards (or digital dashboards)

A special form of IS that supports all managers of the organization by providing rapid access to timely information and direct access to structured information in the form of reports.

Data Items

An elementary description of things, events, activities, and transactions that are recorded, classified, and stored but are not organized to convey any specific meaning.

Database

A collection of related files or tables containing data

Digital Transformation

The business strategy that leverages IT to dramatically improve employee, customer, and business partner relationships; support continuous improvement in business operations and business processes; and develop new business models and businesses.

Electronic Commerce (e-commerce) Systems

A type of inter-organizational information system that enables organizations to conduct transactions, called business-to-business (B2B) electronic commerce, and customers to conduct transactions with businesses, called business-to-consumer (B2C) electronic commerce.

Enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems

Information systems that correct a lack of communication among the functional area Information Systems by tightly integrating the functional area Information Systems via a common database.

Expert Systems (ESs)

An attempt to duplicate the work of human experts by applying reasoning capabilities, knowledge, and expertise within a specific domain.

Functional Area Information Systems (FAISs) (departmental infromation system)

Information Systems that support a particular functional area within the organization.

Hardware

A device such as a processor, monitor, keyboard, or printer. Together, these devices accept, process, and display data and information.

Information

Data that have been organized so that they have meaning and value to the recipient.

Information System (IS)

A system that collects, processes, stores, analyzes, and disseminates information for a specific purpose.

Information Technology (IT)

Any computer-based tool that people use to work with information and support the information and information-processing needs of an organization.

Information Technology Componets

Hardware, software, databases, and networks.

Information Technology Infrastructure

IT components plus IT services.

Information Technology Platform

The name given to the combination of the IT components of hardware, software, networks (wireline and wireless), and databases.

Information Technology Services

Activities performed by IT personnel using IT components, specifically, developing information systems, overseeing security and risk, and managing data.

Inter-organizational Information Systems (IOSs)

Information systems that connect two or more organizations.

Knowledge

Data and/or information that have been organized and processed to convey understanding, experience, accumulated learning, and expertise as they apply to a current problem or activity.

Knowledge Workers

Professional employees such as financial and marketing analysts, engineers, lawyers, and accountants who are experts in a particular subject area and who create information and knowledge, which they integrate into the business.

Network

A connecting system (wireline or wireless) that enables multiple computers to share resources.

Procedures

The set of instructions for combining hardware, software, database, and network components in order to process information and generate the desired output.

Software

A program or collection of programs that enable the hardware to process data.

Supply Chain

The flow of materials, information, money, and services from suppliers of raw materials through factories and warehouses to the end customers.

Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)

A system that supports the monitoring, collection, storage, and processing of data from the organization’s basic business transactions, each of which generates data.