SAns 241

Purpose of drinking water

To provide safe water that is free of pathogenic microorganisms and harmful chemicals that is aesthetic (free of colour,odour taste

To prevent the accumulation of solids, degradation and post growth in pipeline/distribution system and delivery

SANS guidelines should be properly considered under

National circumstances

Regional circumstances

Local circumstances

Water quality are used to determine

The quality of water obtained from treatment process in two levels

Gl-guide level

MAC-maximum permissible concentration

Goals for the treatment of water

The production of water that is safe for human consumption

The production of water that appealing to consumer

The production of water treatment plants that can be built and operated at fair cost

Monitoring

The monitoring and implementation processes vary across the world

In most of world the monitoring that carried out by water suppliers

While the data is audited by public health Authorities and regulatory bodies responsible for environmental health

Three fundamental principles of environmental regulatory standards

Risk based

Performance based

Concentration based

Risk based requirements

Underscores the risk to public health and environmental when the discharge pollutants at certain concentrations

Meaning:

Contaminations are nutrients in low concentration and pollution at high concentrations

Standards and guidelines

Standards provide a framework for evaluating the quality of drinking water regarding the pollutants of concern

Guidelines address the the pollutants and features that considered vital for the supply of suitable and safe drinking water

It's not feasible to lay guidelines for contamination that could enter the drinking water

Guidelines and standards

Water suppliers should keep up to date with emerging pollutants in water supply lines

Then take steps to minimise or fully eradicate the concentration of pollutants

Department of water and sanitation has guidelines for

Domestic water use(user needs specification)

The quality of water required for different domestic uses

Documents provide information needed to make judgements on the fitness of water to be used for domestic purposes

Primary for human consumption as well bathing and other household activities

Standards and guidelines

The SAB(South Africa Bureau of standards) has developed the SANS 241

The south African standards for drinking water specification

Minimum requirements of portable to be considered safe for human consumption

Microbiological

Chemical

Physical properties of water

Plants that adhere to the SANS 241 can be rewarded the prestigious blue drop status

Treatment of waste water

The department of water and sanitation laid down the standards of performance for waste water treatment works

According to South African national water act 1988 waste water effluent must comply with set limits before they can discharged to water resources or. Used for irrigation purpose

The green drop programme was introduced in 2009 by department of water and sanitation to monitor waste water treatment plants

SANS 241 2015 the south African national standard for drinking water

The authoritative guide for acceptable limits for drinking water quality parameters in South Africa

Sets limits for a variety of water Quality characteristics

Effectively Summarises the the suitability of drinking water for a specific class for life time usuage

SANS 241 had been prepared in two parts

Part 1 - microbiology, physical aesthetic and chemical determinants

Part 2 - SANS 241 APPLICATION

SANS 241 2015 PART 1

Specify the quality of drinking water at delivery in terms of microbiology, physical aesthetic and chemical determinants

Water that meets this standard is considered to meet an acceptable health risk for a lifetime of usage

Part2 of SANS 241

The assessment of water quality risks, monitoring and verification of water quality

To allow for management of water quality risks

Provides key requirements for implementing management actions to achieve SANS241

SANS241 Requirements

Water quality risks assessment

Risk assessment from intake of raw water through to treatment works to point of delivery

Routine monitoring

The establishment and implementation of operational and compliance water quality monitoring programmes that should include sampling points,sampling frequency and determinants

Response monitoring

Incident managing and monitoring when numerical limits stated in SANS 241 are exceeded

Verification of water quality

Calculation of compliance with numerical limits in sans242-1

Water safety plan

Implementation of the above into the water safety plan

Part2 hazards

Hazards are anything with the potential to cause harm

Hazards are grouped according their impact on human health and water quality

Determinants with acute impacts such bacteria,viruses and protozoa as well as chemicals if they are present in unacceptable levels can result in immediate health risk or consequences

Determinants with chronic impacts includes those that pose a risk to health if ingested over long period of time at levels that exceeds the numerical values listed on table 1 and 2 in sans241-1

Hazards

Organic or radionuclide contaminations that are identified as risk

Determinants that have aesthetic impacts(colour,odour,smell and taste)

Determinants that have operational importance (ph , turbidity,conductivity ,coliforms and residual chlorine)

Sites

Water quality risk assessment shall provide information on the water quality at sampling points

Abstraction

Final water

Points of delivery from water service provider

Points of delivery to consumers

Frequency of risk assessment

Risk assessments should be done at frequency that ensures spatial and temporal risks are apparent - minimum annually

When should risk assessments be done

During periods where the most unacceptable raw water is anticipated and during peak demand to ensure to determine site specific risks

Risk assessments should be done in what situations

Change in raw water that may impact the plants ability to meet standards

New plant being put into service

Refurbishment of plant and recommisioning plant

New distribution system being put into service

Distribution zone has been altered

DWS Regulatory responsibilities

Technical norms and minimum standards

The objective of regulations is to protect consumer and public interests by ensuring:

Compliance with minimum norms and standards

Good performance and efficient use of resources

Good contracting practices

DWS Regulatory responsibilities

Green and blue drop certification services are focused on key regulatory obligations

Incentive regulations are not a weakened form of regulation

Regulatory dorman/four approaches to regulations recognised in South Africa

Compliance monitoring (norms and standards)

Risk based targeted regulations

Incentive based regulations (green and blue drop certification)

DWS drinking water regulatory responsibilitied include

Monitoring and reporting on performance (at national perspective)ei audits

Investigation of non compliance and drinking of water quality failures

Definition and communication of regulatory requirements

Identification and specifications of required regulatory actions or support

Regulatory actions are undertaken where necessary to ensure that adequate steps taken to comply and to reduce health risks to acceptable levels

Reporting on Regulatory action undertaken and outcomes attained

Incentive based regulations

A conscious use of incentive as well as penalties to encourage performance excellence and continuous improvement

Based on innovative performance rating system

Blue drop key performance areas and contributions to score for assessment cycle

Capacity management -15%

Drinking water quality management -20%

Financial management 15%

Technical management 15%

Drinking water quality compliance 35%

Blue drop penalties and bonuses

Bonuses and penalties can increase or reduce your assessment score

Bonuses

Evidence that shows measures are in place to ensure sampling is done correctly

Evidence that shows that your process controller are getting adequate training during 12 month period

Evidence that are measures in place to ensure chemical are stocked