Module. 4

anisocoria

naturally occuring unequal pupils

cornea

transparent tissue in front of pupil/iris

eustachian tube

connects middle ear to oropharynx, equalize pressure

globe

eye ball

iris

muscle that dilates pupil

lens

transparent, images are focused onto retina

mastoid proccess

bony mass at base of skull behind ear

pinna

external visible part of ear

tragus

small round fleshy bulge anterior to ear

turbinates

layers of bone within nasal cavity

tympanic membrane

ear drum

opening in skull connecting brain and spinal chord

foramen magnum

where mandible motion occurs

temporomandibular joint

avulse

separate forcefully

what to do with avulsed tissue

wrap in sterile dressing, place in bag and keep cool

nasal cavity divided by what

nasal septum

nosebleed remedy

pinch nostrils, lean forward

direction of eye flushing when using saline solution

nose side toward outside

when stabilizing large foreign object in eye

surround eye in doughnut shape with gauze

length of irrigation to eye with chemichal burn (and when burn was caused by alkali or strong acid)

• 5 mins

• 20 mins

hematoma

more intense, puffy, large blood cell leakage

unequal pupils are from what organ injury

brain

hyphema

bleeding in anterior chamber of eye

bruising around ears and clear fluid from nose

basilar skull fracture

Blunt trauma causing fracture to orbit is

Blowout fracture

Handle avulsed teeth with x not x

Crown not root

Percent of nose made up of bone

1/3

Presence of air in soft tissues causing crawling sensation

Subcutaneous emphysema

Trachia is made of

Cartilage

Air embolism

Open vein sucks air into it

Epistaxis

Nose bleed

Transport teeth in what

Saline

Should you try and remove obstructions in ear

No

Biggest concern from face trauma

Airway

Subcutaneous emphysema from what in facial trauma

Trachea crushing

evisceration

displacement of organs outside of the body

flank

posterior region below rib cage

hematuria

blood in urine

does peritonitis cause nausea or disrension

no

solid organs handle these functions

endocrine

abdominal organ affected by collisions most commonly

spleen

air in peritoneal cavity will go what direction

superior

rigidity

muscle stiffness in abdominal area

can improper seatbelt placement cause appendix rupture

no

if light touch on abdominal palpation ellicits, do you continue to palpate that quadrant?

no

seminal vesicles located

below bladder

always determine with female in trauma if they are

pregnant

is high pulse rate common with abdominal injury

yes

do injuries to kidneys happen in isolation

no

retroperitoneal

posterior to peritoneal, solid organs located here

type of dressing for non life threatening male genital bleeding

dry

what to do if foreskin caught in zipper

remove zipper from pants

pain radiating to right shoulder from what organ

liver

Cushing triad

Increased blood pressure, decreased pulse, irregular respirations

Retrograde amnesia

Inability to remember events leading to injury

Anterograde amnesia

Inability to remember events after injury

Concussion

Temporary loss of brain function without actual physical damage

Cerebral edema

Swelling of brain

Connecting nerves

In brain and spine, communicate motor and sensory

Intervertebral disk

Cushion for spine

Meninges

Tri layer between skull and brain

2 parts of skull

Cranium and face

Tunnel running through spine

Spinal call

How many people for log roll

4

Fascia

Fibrous tissue covering all skeletal muscle

Joint

When 2 bones come into contact

Ligaments

Fibers connecting bone to bone

Tendon

Connects muscle to bone

Point tenderness

Pain elicited by palpation

Articular cartilage

Thin cartilage covering bones in synovial joints

In-line traction

Pulling body structure into its normal alignment

Bones produce this in marrow

Blood cells

Capsule

Tough fiber that holds joints together

Joints are lubricated by

Synovial fluid

Sprain

Joint is twisted/stretched beyond normal motion

Strain

Stretching or tearing of muscle/tendon

This may cause fracture/dislocation at distal point

Resultant force

Thing to look for in falls to not miss associated injuries

Point of contact (not injury)

Produces severe damage to multiple systems

High energy injury

Hair line fracture

Non displaced fracture

Fracture that causes deformity distortion or limb shortening

Displaced fracture

Most reliable indicator of fracture

Point tenderness

Epiphyseal fracture

Occurs in growth section of child’s bone

Greenstick fracture

Incomplete, passes partway through shaft, may cause angulation

Pathologic fracture

In old people or chronic illness, from weakness in bone

Comminuted fracture

Bone broken in 2 parts

Swelling is a sign of

Bleeding

Fractures always associated with this around soft tissue

Ecchymosis

Is ecchymosis a sign of disloaction

No

6 ps of musculoskeletal assessment

Pain, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis, pulse, poikilithermia

Compartment syndrome

Result of excess bleeding or crushed extraction, damages muscles and can kill muscles/nerves. Can lead to amputation. Occurs within 6-12 hours

Is sling a type of splint

No

Most commonly fractured bone

Clavicle

Acromioclavacular joint

Shoulder, common in sports and smaller falls

Blood loss in ml after fracture to femur shaft

500-1000

Urgent injury to this artery common in tibia displacement

Popliteal

Malleoli

Bones on either side of ankle

Colles fracture

In the distal radius

Largest tarsal bone

Calcaneus

Sciatic nerve

Largest peripheral nerve, controls leg muscle