APUSH Period 3 ID Terms - Baker

eradicate

to root out, get rid of, or destroy completely

virtue

A habitual and firm disposition to do good; behavior of high moral standards

statesmanship

skill in handling public affairs; a wise, skillful, and respected political leader

acquit

to find not guilty of a fault or crime

virtual

having a certain force or effect in fact but not in name; EX : the British claimed that Americans were virtually represented in Parliament

unitary

A nation-state that has a centralized government and administration that exercises power equally over all parts of the state

tariff

a tax levied on imports to help protect a nation's industries, labor, or farmers from foreign competition

Samuel Adams

American Revolutionary leader and patriot from Massachusetts, Founder of the Sons of Liberty and one of the most vocal patriots for independence; signed the Declaration of Independence

James Otis

A colonial lawyer who defended (usually for free) colonial merchants who were accused of smuggling. Argued against the writs of assistance and the Stamp Act. He led the intellectual attack against British tyranny, composing ringing defenses of liberty that won Americans to the revolutionary cause and helped to inspire the well-known slogan, "No taxation without representation."

Pontiac

famous chief of the Ottawa who led an unsuccessful rebellion against the British (1715-1769). He led the rebellion against the British colonists after they expanded their military presence in the Great Lakes area during and after the French and Indian War.

Thomas Paine

Author of Common Sense; American Revolutionary leader and pamphleteer (born in England) who supported the American colonist's fight for independence and supported the French Revolution (1737-1809).

Patrick Henry

a leader of the American Revolution and a famous orator who spoke out against British rule of the American colonies (1736-1799); A Founding Father who served as the first and sixth post-colonial Governor of Virginia

republicanism

the concept that ultimate political authority is vested in the citizens of the nation and is a rejection of monarchy

nationalism

A strong feeling of pride in and devotion to one's country

subordinate

lower in rank or position, secondary; one who is in a lower position or under the orders of someone else

quarter

to provide or pay for housing; Refers to the Quartering Act: outlining the locations and conditions in which British soldiers are to find room and board in the American colonies in barracks provided by the colonies

Connecticut Compromise

Compromise agreement by states at the Constitutional Convention for a bicameral legislature with a lower house in which representation would be based on population and an upper house in which each state would have two senators

Alexander Hamilton

1789-1795; First Secretary of the Treasury; United States statesman and leader of the Federalists. He advocated creation of a national bank, assumption of state debts by the federal government, and a tariff system to pay off the national debt

liberalism

A belief that government can and should achieve justice and equality of opportunity; A political and social philosophy that promotes individual rights, civil liberties, democracy, and free enterprise

leverage

the use of borrowed money to supplement existing funds for purposes of investment

Thomas Jefferson

Author of the Declaration of Independence; 3rd president of the United States; a spokesman for democracy; an American Founding Father

federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

habeas corpus

a writ requiring a person under arrest to be brought before a judge or into court, especially to secure the person's release unless lawful grounds are shown for their detention.

mercenary

a professional soldier hired by a foreign army for pay

resolution

a firm decision to do or not to do something

sovereignty

Ability of a state to govern its territory free from control of its internal affairs by other states.

Phillis Wheatley

American poet (born in Africa) who was the first recognized Black writer in America (1753-1784); she was sold into slavery at the age of seven or eight and transported to North America, where she was bought by the Wheatley family of Boston

Mercy Otis Warren

A 19th century American historian who was the head of patriot women during the revolution and wrote a 3-volume history of the American Revolution; her writings questioned the declining republican values in post-revolutionary America

Abigail Adams

Wife of John Adams. During the Revolutionary War, she wrote letters to her husband describing life on the homefront. She urged her husband to remember America's women in the new government he was helping to create.

Battle of Saratoga

American victory over British troops in 1777 that was a turning point in the American Revolution. It gave the Patriots a major morale boost and persuaded the French, Spanish and Dutch to join their cause against a mutual rival.

Battle of Yorktown

Last major battle of the Revolutionary War. Cornwallis and his troops were trapped in the Chesapeake Bay by the French fleet. He was sandwiched between the French navy and the American army. He surrendered October 19, 1781.

republic

A form of government in which citizens choose their leaders by voting; The country is considered a "public matter", not the private concern or property of the rulers.

amendment

A change to the Constitution by ratification. Often an addition or correction that leaves the original document substantially intact

reconciliation

the act of agreement after a quarrel; the resolution of a dispute

ratify

to sign or give formal consent to (a treaty, contract, or agreement), making it officially valid.

Paxton Boys

a group of Scots-Irish men living in the Appalachian hills that wanted protection from Indian attacks. They made an armed march on Philadelphia in 1764. They protested the lenient way that the Quakers treated the Indians. Their ideas started the Regulator Movement in North Carolina

Regulators

These were vigilante groups active in the 1760s and 1770s in the western parts of North and South Carolina. They violently protested high taxes and insufficient representation in the colonial legislature

impeachment

The congressional power to remove a president from office; Charges against a president approved by a majority of the House of Representatives

Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

Written anonymously by Jefferson and Madison in response to the Alien and Sedition Acts, they declared that states could repeal federal laws that the states considered unconstitutional