fart history...

Street, Dresden - Ernst Ludwig Kirchner

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

-comtemporary life as a subject matter; city dwellers, busy streets, cafes
-critique the modernization/urbanization of Germany & how fast things are moving
-unsettling: no eyes, masked faces, distorted figures

-emphasis on emotion: emotional charge rather than realistic portrayal

-vivid/vibrant colors - rgb clash together

Seated Girl (Franzi Fehrmann) - Kircher

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

-focused on emotion rather than beauty/anatomy, rejection of beauty standards, psychological depth

-expressionist features: exaggerated form, vivid colors, emotional impact

-unsettling: ambiguity, alienation, disjointed pose, non-naturalistic bg

-influenced by primitive & tribal art

-woodcuts - edgier, more primitive look

The Large Blue Horses - Franz Marc

GERMAN EXPRESSIONISM

-blue: associated with spirituality

-connection to nature

-horses aren’t touched by industrialization, and instead are symbolic instead of realistically portrayed

-idealized arcadian life, unity

Self Portrait with Chinese Lantern & Fruits - Egon Schiele

AUSTRIAN EXPRESSIONISM

-influence from freud: mirrors freud’s exploration of human desire & mortality

-symbol of fleeting beauty & life’s fragility

-exaggerated form, angular stark lines,

-Gustav Klimt - Schiele’s mentor who introduced him to patrons, Avant Garde, influenced his work (eroticism & symbolism)

Reciting Poem Karawane at Cabaret Voltaire - Hugo Ball

ZURICH DADA

-is dada because of its absurdity, anticonventional, radical critique of traditional culture

-at the cafe they had events with poets, filmmakers, philosophers; musical performances, poetry reading, theater, etc

Collage Arranged According to the Laws of Chance - Jean Arp

ZURICH DADA

-randomness element

-emphasis of chance by tearing up paper and letting it fall to the canvas ig

Fountain - Marcel Duchamp

NEW YORK DADA

-Readymade

-demonstrated that art can be made up of anything & requires little to no manipulation by the artist

-not about the finished product but the idea

Bicycle Wheel - Marcel Duchamp

NEW YORK DADA

-assisted readymade: more than one utilitarian item to make a work of art (objects that have a purpose or need for)

-required artist to make it

-made of manufactured items for mass distribution

Gift - Man Ray

NEW YORK DADA

-follows duchamp’s idea of readymade

-iron with 14 tacks on the bottom

-meant to be utilitarian (tacks & iron), creating something more menacing

-tacks = masculine

-iron = femme

-made quickly but got lost

Pre WW2 ERA - Degenerate Art Exhibition

-showcased expressionism, cubism, dada, surrealism

-were on display to show german ppl what was considered degenerate & defame artists and curators

Ink on Paper - Andre Masson

SURREALISM

-automatic drawing - automatism

-creating art spontaneously w/out conscious planning, control, or subject in mine

-aimed to access the subconscious mind & reveal hidden desires, thoughts, imagery

Cadavre Exquis - Yves Tanguy, Miro Max, Man Ray

SURREALISM - Exquisite Corpse Technique

-paper was folded so artist couldn’t see what was previously drawn

-no preconcieved ideas, allowing imagineation to flow freely

-automatism

The Horde - Max Ernst

SURREALISM

-grattage, frottage, automatism

-frottage: wood under the canvas & rubbed with charcoal to get texture

-grattage: scraping paint to get texture

-was linked to a premonition that was coming (ww2)

-employs a natural and organic form that is distorted but based on reality

-had to do with one of Ernst’s childhood fears

Europe After the Rain - Max Ernst

SURREALISM - used frottage and decalcomania

-representative of the effects of war

-decalcomania: paint is applied and pressed onto another surface to make patterns (kinda like screen printing/stamps but not really)

-apocalyptic imagery

The Persistence of Memory - Salvador Dali

SURREALISM

-inspired by camembert cheese

-clocks are a commentary on time slipping, time is a creating we gave meaning

-Paranoiac Critical method: put himself in a trance, starved himself, did drugs, etc to induce hallucinations & access his subconscious

-believed that dreams were messages from the subconscious

The Treachery of Images - Rene Magritte

SURREALISM

-its a fucking drawing of a pipe not an actual pipe

-kms

-a painting is not what it reps but a hidden nature of reality

-disassociation between painted image and its meaning

-discrepancy between language and image challenges the assumptions underlaying reading of visual art

The Human Condition - Rene Magritte

SURREALISM

-painting within a painting

-perspective is used and aligns the framed painting perfectly with the bg

-asks us to believe the landscape in the painting

-both the real and representational are fabrications

Object (Luncheon in Fur) - Meret Oppenheim

SURREALISM

-changed expectation of what the object should be, transforming the object

-object can no longer be used for what it was meant for

-assemblage: surrealist sculpture (kinda like readymade but not really)

Number 1 (Lavender Mist) - Jackson Pollock

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

-drop painting to create action painting

-action painting: paint spontaneously dribbled, splashed, smeared on canvas rather than carefully applied

-large canvas

Woman I - William de Kooning

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

-gestural technique similar to other abs ex artists (Pollock)

-paint applied with vigorous, sweeping mvments

-layering

-figurative painting

-distorts cubism, surrealism, tradition of the female nude

Red, Brown & Black - Mark Rothko

ABSTRACT EXPRESSIONISM

-emphasizes large, flat areas of color designed to evoke emotion & spiritual reflection

-soft, blurred edges for color blocks, created immersive glowing effect

-layering on large scale canvas

-sectionals: horizontal bands/blocks of color separated by blurred edges

Just What is it that Makes Today’s Homes so different, so appealing? - Richard Hamilton

POP ART

-british collage

-criticizing the american lifestyle

-many food, drinks, appliances, house-hold items, advertisements, tinned ham

-crits home with sexualized imagery, superficial domestic life, materialism, consumerism

Campbell’s Soup Cans - Andy Warhol

POP ART

-bridge gap between fine art and pop culture, making art more accessible to audience with everyday images

-blurred line between high art (fine arts) and low culture (commercial, mass produced items)

Crying Girl - Roy Lichtenstien

POP ART

-visual comic book cliche, depicting women in moments of crisis

-highlights the pressure on women to be perfect

-limited the ways in which women’s feelings were portrayed in media

-gender equality in post-war america

What life experiences most influenced Frida’s art?

Her bus accident at 18, relationship with Diego, Mexican heritage, miscarriages, being a communist

What were the most challenging aspects of Frida's life

Her bus accident at 18 + health issues, her relationship with Diego, her miscarriages/infertility, gender identity, and loneliness

-Who was Andre Breton?

leader of the movement

• Had a strong hold on the movement. Critics referred to him as the “Pope of surrealism” Those who disagreed were pushed out of the circle

-Who was Sigmund Freud? How is he related to art?

His writings greatly impacted and influenced the movement. Used techniques to dig into subconscious thoughts

• Believed that a person’s creativity comes deep in a person’s subconscious. Thought it was more powerful and authentic than any product of conscious thought (the stuff you aren’t thinking about)

• Explored how dreams/ repressed memories, they shaped human behavior and desires 

• The subconscious was seen as being able to break through from the constraints of rational thought and societal norms (creativity = escape)

-How did Dada differ based on the locations studied in class?

Zurich

• Nonsense and performances. Influenced by the chaos and futility of war

Berlin

• Photomontage (cutting and pasting photos into compositions

• Political commentary

Paris

• Readymades

• Photography and surrealism

New York

• Readymades

• Collaboration and exhibitions (with photography and collage)