Chapter 9 The Era of Thomas Jefferson

Thomas Jefferson

3rd President of the United States. He favored limited central government. He was chief drafter of the Declaration of Independence; approved of the Louisiana Purchase in 1803 and sent out the Lewis and Clark Expedition to explore this territory.

Aaron Burr

In the election of 1800, Burr tied with Jefferson in the Electoral College. The House of Representatives awarded the Presidency to Jefferson and made Burr Vice- President. 12th amendment added to avoid ties in presidential elections.

laissez faire

policy based on the idea that government should play as small a role as possible in the economy

John Marshall

Chief Justice of the Supreme Court. He ruled that the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional. Created the precedent of judicial review; ruled on many early decisions that gave the federal government more power, especially the supreme court.

judicial review

The power of the Supreme Court to declare laws and actions of local, state, or national governments unconstitutional.

expedition

a long and carefully organized journey for a particular purpose.

Meriwether Lewis

Army captain asked by Thomas Jefferson to lead western expedition of the Louisiana territory.

William Clark

Co-leader of the Lewis and clark expedition

continental divide

A place on a continent that separates river systems flowing toward opposite sides.

Zebulon Pike

Explored the southern part of the Luisiana territory. Attempted to climb a mountain in Colorado plains but failed. Today this mountain is known as Pike's Peak. He was also jailed by the Spanish because he was exploring lands in Spanish New Mexico and they thought he was a spy.

tribute

Money paid by one country to another in return for protection.

Stephen Decatur

He led a raid (with 60 soldiers) on Tripoli harbor and burned the "Philadelphia" to the waterline.

embargo

A government order preventing trade with another country. Thomas Jefferson used an embargo to force Britain and France to respect American Neutrality

smuggle

The act of illegally importing (bringing in) or exporting (sending out) goods.

Tecumseh

A famous chief of the Shawnee who tried to unite Indian tribes against the increasing white settlement in the west.

William Henry Harrison

Govenor of the Indiana territory, that fought against Tecumseh and the Prophet in the battle of Tippecanoe.

war hawk

Those in favor of going to war with the British.

blockade

The action of shutting a port or road to keep people or supplies from moving in or out of a particular area.

Oliver Hazard Perry

During the War of 1812 he led American forces and won a key battle on Lake Erie at Put-in-Bay. He is known for saying, "We have me the enemy, and they are ours."

Andrew Jackson

During the War of 1812 he was the commander of the troops in Georgia defeated the Creek Indians in the Battle of Horseshoe Bend in 1814.

secede

to withdraw or leave the union. During the War of 1812 some Northern states considered seceding (leaving) the United states because the BLOCKADE had damaged trade in the New England states.

Louisiana Purchase

The U.S., under Jefferson, bought the Louisiana territory from France in 1803. The U.S. paid $15 million for the vast amount of land. The U.S. gained control of Mississippi trade route and doubled its size. This new territory extended from the Mississippi River to the Rocky Mountains, and the gulf of Mexico to Canada.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

(1804-1806) expedition sent by President Thomas Jefferson to explore the newly acquire Louisiana Purchase. It had 3 main goals: map and study the land (geography); make contact with Native Americans; and see if waterway exists between the Mississippi River and the Pacific Ocean.

Marbury v. Madison

This case establishes the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review.

Treaty of Ghent

December 24, 1814 - Ended the War of 1812 and restored things to the way they were before the war. Since the treaty was signed in Ghent, Belgium the news took over six weeks to get across, the Battle of New Orleans was still fought in 1815.

War of 1812

War between the U.S. and Great Britain which lasted until 1814, ending with the Treaty of Ghent. It started due to 2 main reasons: Americans were angry that Britain was arming Native Americans in the Northwest and they resented the continued impressment of American sailors.

impressment

During the War of 1812 it was the British practice of taking American sailors and forcing them to serve in the British navy.

nationalism

pride in one's country or nation.