Huge Biology Review

Spontaneous Generation, Cell Parts and Differences, Kingdoms, Levels of Organization, Cell Theory

Non-living

Viruses: Living, non-living, or dead

Living

Bacteria: Living, non-living or dead

The scientific idea that life forms from non-living things

Spontaneous Generation:

1668: Francesco Redi

First to cover bottle and look for maggots without flies

1748: John Needham

Heated broth and saw organisms that weren’t already there (pro-spontaneous generation)

1748: Lazzaro Spallanzani

Heated broth and closed off so air wouldn’t enter, later ridiculed

1864: Louis Pasteur

Swan neck flask

Fact

an observation about the world around you

hypothesis

a prediction based on facts to be tested

Theory

an explanation tested many times over about a certain natural phenomenon

cell membrane, DNA, ribosomes, cytoplasm

All cells have:

simple

Prokaryotic: Simple or complex cell

complex

Eukaryotic: simple or complex cell

no nucleus

Prokaryotic: Yes or no nucleus

yes nucleus

eukaryotic: yes or no nucleus

cell wall, chloroplasts, large central vacuole

Plants (only) have:

lysosomes, centrioles

Animals (only) have:

holds the DNA

Nucleus

creates ribosomes

nucleolus

tells cell how to work

DNA

holds everything in

Cytoplasm

allows certain things to enter and exit

cell membrane

structural support

cell wall

creates proteins

ribosome

stores

smooth ER

holds ribosomes

Rough ER

UPS

golgi body

glucose to cellular energy

Mitochondria

photosynthesis

chloroplast

digests waste

lysosome

helps cell divide

centriole

archaebacteria

unicellular, prokaryotic, auto/heterotrophic, old

eubacteria

unicellular, prokaryotic, auto/heterotrophic, new

protista

uni/multicellular, eukaryotic, auto/heterotrophic, garbage can

fungi

(one) uni/multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophs (absorb)

plantae

multicellular, eukaryotic, autotroph

animalia

multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotroph (eat)

subatomic particles

within atoms

atoms

smallest form of matter

organelle

tiny structures that build cells

cell

smallest form of life

tissue

group of the same type of cell

molecule

group of atoms

population

same type of organisms in a SPECIFIC SPACE

community

groups of different organisms in a defined space

ecosystem

communities plus non-living things

biome

groups of ecosystems with similar components

biosphere

Earth

1665: Robert Hooke

named cells

c. 1800: Anton Van Leeuwenhook

discovered microorganisms in water

c. 1850: C. Schwann and Schleiden

all organisms are made of cells, yet they look different

All living things are made of cells

1st Part of Cell Theory

Cells are the functional units of life

2nd Part of Cell Theory

Cells come from other cells

3rd Part of Cell Theory

c. 1850: Rudolph Virchow

witnessed cell division, helped create the cell theory