bio exam 1 biomes

biome

any of the world’s major ecosystems

terrestrial biomes

• Tropical forest:

• Savanna:

• Desert:

• Chaparral:

• Temperate grassland:

• Temperate broadleaf forest:

• Northern coniferous forest (taiga):

• Tundra:

aquatic biomes

• Wetlands:

• Lakes:

• Streams and rivers:

• Estuaries:

• Intertidal zones:

• Oceanic pelagic zone:

• Coral reefs:

• Marine benthic zone:

Types of wetlands

Tidal marsh, freshwater marsh, swamp, peatlands (bogs, fens), vernal pools

air currents weather

• Between 0 and 30 N/S air currents move from 30 to 0

  • Air currents moving from 30 to 0 are close to the earth and sucking up all moisture off surface of planet

    • Dry, hot air that wants to collect lots of water — leaves very little water on surface of earth

  • Continues to move it sucks up more moisture, but reaches carrying capacity near equator

    • Savannas and dry tropical forests near 15 N/S

  • Current now hot and moist at equator, veins to move back up into atmosphere and becomes dry again

rain shadow

• deserts abut the edges of mountain ranges due to rain shadows

  • 30 N/S Weather comes from west towards the east

    • Comes from pacific oceans, travel and reaches mountains

  • Mountain see precipitation on western side

    • Therefore eastern side lacks precipitation and more likely to have a desert-like bi

tropical forest [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Tropical forest: 15°, hot + wet, wide band of precipitation, ^ productivity + diversity

savanna [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Savanna: border biome between tropical forests, intermediate precip and heat, desert < savannah < tropical (productivity, diversity)

desert [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Desert: 30° N or S, hot + dry (freezing at night), low productivity + diversity

chaparral [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Chaparral: midaltitude coastal regions, precip + temp seasonal, intermediate productivity? ^plant diversity

prairies [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Temperate grassland: seasonal precip + temp,

deciduous [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Temperate broadleaf forest: mid northern hemisphere, moderate temp + precip, productivity is seasonal, girl idk

taiga [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Northern coniferous forest (taiga): northern most (none in southern hemisphere), low precip low temps, ^ productivity

tundra [location, climate (temperature and precipitation), productivity, diversity]

• Tundra: furthest northern biome, low temps (maybe precip), low productivity,

wetlands [location, productivity, diversity, types]

• Wetlands: majority in alaska, ^ productivity, seasonal diversity

  • tidal marsh (saltwater)

  • freshwater marsh

  • swamp

  • peatlands

  • vernal pools

ponds & lakes [location, productivity, diversity, zones]

• ponds: frequently mixed top to bottom

• Lakes: only mixed twice a year, ^ productivity + diversity eutrophic, low productivity oligotrophic,

  • Zones:

    • Photic zone: area where light is able to penetrate without too much attenuation (absorption or scattering)

    • Aphotic zone: area that does not get enough sunlight to support vegetation

    • Littoral zone: allows for emergent vegetation

    • Limnetic zone: no longer allows for emergent vegetation

    • Pelagic zone: open water

    • Benthic zone: everything against the substrate at the bottom

    • Aphotic Benthic zone: profundal zone (deepest part) — the coldest, darkest, and very bottom (where few things live)

both are stratified

streams and rivers [location, productivity, diversity]

• Streams and rivers: headwater streams, rivers=stream receivers, headwater streams rich with phytoplankton and rooted aquatic plants

estuaries [location, productivity, diversity]

• Estuaries: transition between river and sea, nutrients from river = ^ productivity, ^ diversity (breeding grounds)

intertidal zones [location, productivity, diversity, zones]

• Intertidal zones: between tides, ^diversity of attached marine algae

  • Aphotic zone: much deeper than lakes

    • Bottom is the abyssal zone: cold, high pressure, zero primary productivity 

      • relies on decomposing matter that rains down from above, or thermal vents

  • Intertidal zone: sometimes wet sometimes dry

  • Neritic zone: zone always wet, but relatively shallow and ends at continental shelf (top of shelf)

  • Continental shelf: drop point where edge the ocean becomes very deep very quickly

  • Oceanic zone: ?

oceanic pelagic zone [location, productivity, diversity,]

• Oceanic pelagic zone: open ocean, ^productivity (primary of earth, net is low), ^diversity

coral reefs [location, productivity (include amount), diversity]

• Coral reefs: phobic zones near islands, ^productivity (2500/yr), ^biodiversity (94% of phyla rep)

marine benthic zone [location, productivity, diversity]

• Marine benthic zone: sea floor + neritic zone, low productivity (no sunlight, depend on organic matter from above), low diversity but interesting organisms