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Bio Exam 1 review
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219 Terms
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1
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what is the process of learning?
stimulus - sensory memory - STM - LTM
2
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the storage of sensory memory
temporary storage from 5 sense
3
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the storage of STM
brief storage of info being used currently
4
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the storage of LTM
Permanent storage for info not being used at that moment
5
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the capacity of sensory memory
high
6
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the capacity of STM
7 +/- 2 memories
7
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the capacity of LTM
unlimited
8
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duration of sensory memory
less than 1 second for vision and a few seconds for hearing
9
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duration of STM
less than 20 seconds
10
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duration of LTM
permanent as long as LTP is present
11
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Type of sensory memory
declarative knowledge
12
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type of STM
attention while in lecture
13
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type of LTM
repetition of info, practice
14
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neuronal development
brain develops and grows after birth (embryonic development)
15
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neural plasticity
brain is changed after birth - synapses
16
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activity dependent
lots of activity - more connections
17
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themes of biology
emergence and reductionism
18
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biological organizer levels
organelles - cells - tissue- organs/organ systems - organisms/populations/communities - ecosystem - biosphere
19
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scientific method
observation - background - hypothesis/predictions - experiment - evaluate
20
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what happens if once repeated and verified was unsuccessful?
go back to predictions
21
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what happens if incorrect predictions?
revise predictions and hypothesis
22
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what happens if repeat and verify is successful?
ask a new question
23
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charge of proton
\+
24
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charge of electron
\-
25
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charge of neutrons
neutral
26
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location of proton
nucleus
27
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location of electron
orbitals
28
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location of neutrons
nucleus
29
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role of electrons
reactions
30
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role of protons
identity + mass
31
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role of neutrons
mass
32
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non polar covalent bonds with?
atoms
33
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polar covalent bonds with?
between atoms
34
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ionic bonds with?
between atoms
35
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Van Der Waals (HB) binds with
between molecules
36
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non polar covalent bonds sharing?
equal share with e-
37
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polar covalent bonds sharing?
unequal share with e- , partial +/- charge
38
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ionic bond sharing?
stealing or transferring of e-
39
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Van Der Waals (HB) sharing?
interaction between molecules
40
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non polar covalent bond strength
strongest
41
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polar covalent bond strength
strong
42
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ionic bond strength
weak
43
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Van Der Waals (HB) strength
weakest
44
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electronegativity of non polar covalent bonds
same
45
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electronegativity of polar covalent bonds
46
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electronegativity of ionic bonds
>2
47
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electronegativity of Van Der Waals (HB)
N/A
48
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emergent properties of water
hydrogen bonding, cohesive behavior, moderate tempature, expansion upon freezing
49
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hydrogen bonding
* bond pairing water molecules together
* leads to 4 other properties
50
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cohesive behavior
* cohesion
* adhesion
* surface tension
51
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cohesion
water sticking together - dome
52
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adhesion
water sticking to other polar things - rain on window
53
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surface tension
hard to break tension - spider
54
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moderate tempeture
high specific heat
55
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expansion upon freezing
ice floats - air pockets from hydrogen bonds
56
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versatility as solvent
hydrophilic and hydrophobic
57
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hydroxyl group
\-OH
58
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Hydroxyl characteristics
polar, hydrophilic, neutral
59
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carbonyl group
\-CHO or C=O
60
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carbonyl characteristics
polar, hydrophilic, neutral
61
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carboxyl group
\-COOH
62
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carboxyl characteristics
polar, hydrophilic, acid
63
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Amino Group
\-NH2
64
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amines characteristic
polar, hydrophilic, base
65
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sulfhydryl group
\-SH
66
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Thiol characteristics
polar, hydrophilic, slightly acid
67
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phosphate group
\-PO4H2
68
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phosphate characteristic
polar, hydrophilic, acid
69
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methyl group
\-CH3
70
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methyl characteristics
non-polar, hydrophobic, neutral
71
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biological macromolecules
carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, nucleic acids
72
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what are carbs made of?
hydrocarbons
73
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what are lipids made of?
fatty acids, glycerol
74
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what are proteins made of?
amino acids
75
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what are nucleic acids made of?
nucleotides
76
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function of carbohydrates
storage and structure
77
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function of lipids
energy storage
78
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function of proteins
structure, signaling, transport, defense
79
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function of nucleic acids
genes and heredity
80
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monomers of carbohydrates
monosaccharides
81
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monomers of proteins
amino acids
82
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monomers of nucleic acids
nucleotides
83
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polymer of carbohydrates
disaccharide, polysaccharides
84
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polymer of proteins
polypeptide
85
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polymer of nucleic acids
DNA, RNA, ATP
86
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bonds of carbohydrates
glycosidic linkage
87
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bonds of lipids
ester linkages
88
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bonds for proteins
peptide bonds
89
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bonds for nucleic acids
phosphodiester bonds
90
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protein stucture
primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary
91
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primary protein structure
linear chain of amino acids
92
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secondary protein structure
folding of polypeptide, α helix or β folded sheets
93
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tertiary protein strcture
3D shape
94
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quaternary protein structure
joining of additional polypeptide chains
95
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bonds in primary protein structure
peptide bonds
96
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bonds in secondary protein structure
hydrogen bonds
97
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bonds in tertiary protein structure
all types
98
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bonds in quaternary protein structure
all types
99
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denaturation occurs when?
3rd and 4th stage of protein structure
100
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dehydration synthesis
removes H2O to join together - makes polymers
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