motor learning exam 1

Germinal period

The stage from conception to 2 weeks, characterized by rapid cell division, implantation, and formation of a blastocyst.

Embryonic period

The stage from 2 to 8 weeks, where organogenesis occurs and the embryo is highly susceptible to teratogens.

Fetal period

The stage from 8 weeks to birth, involving continued growth, organ refinement, and the development of movement patterns and reflexes.

Chromosomal abnormalities

Genetic disorders caused by abnormal chromosome numbers or structures, such as Down syndrome and Turner syndrome.

Single-gene disorders

Genetic disorders resulting from mutations in a single gene, including cystic fibrosis and sickle cell disease.

Multifactorial disorders

Disorders that result from the interaction of multiple genes and environmental factors, such as cleft palate.

Self-esteem

An overall sense of self-worth or personal value, linked to perceptions of competence.

Peer group influence

The impact that friends and peers have on an individual's choices regarding participation in physical activities.

Maturation

The natural schedule of changes in the body and mind as one grows older, including increases in strength and coordination.

Gross motor skills

Large movements that involve the larger muscle groups, such as walking or jumping.

Fine motor skills

Small movements that involve the smaller muscles, such as grasping or writing.

Cephalocaudal development

A pattern of development in which growth and motor control emerge from the head downward.

Proximodistal development

A development pattern where control and movement progress from the center of the body outward to the limbs.

Development

The process of change and growth over time, involving learning new skills and increasing maturity.

Continuous development

Development that is ongoing and builds on previous achievements over time.

Sequential development

Development that occurs in a specific order or sequence.

Prenatal development

The period from conception to birth.

Infancy

The developmental stage from birth to 2 years.

Childhood

The developmental stage from ages 2 to 8 years.

Pre-adolescence

The developmental stage from ages 8 to 12 years.

Adolescence

The developmental stage from ages 12 to 20 years.

Adulthood

The developmental stage starting from age 20 and onwards.