motor learning exam 1
Germinal period; conception-2 weeks, rapid cell division and implantation and forms a blastocyst
Embryonic period; 2-8 weeks, organogenesis, highly susceptible to teratogens
Fetal period; 8 birth, continued growth and organ refinement, developing movement patterns and reflexes
Structures formed during these phases set the foundation for future motor skills
GENETICS:
Chromosomal abnormalities; Down syndrome and Turner syndrome
Single-gene disorders; cystic fibrosis and sickle cell
Multifactorial disorders like a cleft palate
150 minutes of moderate activity
Socialization: a process through which individuals learn skills, behaviors, values, and norms necessary for effective participation in society
Involves interaction with family, peers, teachers, and the broader community
Influences how and when a child pursues physical activity and shapes the motivation and opportunities to engage in motor behavior
Self-esteem: one overall sense of self-worth or personal value and is linked to perceptions of competence in various domains
Positive experiences in physical activity can improve body image, enhance physical competence, and increase social interaction
Higher self-esteem > greater likelihood of participation in diverse physical activities.
Parent influence: provide a safe environment, encourage movement and play, provide emotional support and praise, and build a sense of security
Early social-emotional bonding: secure attachment fosters confidence to explore surroundings, positive parent-infant interactions support early motor exploration
Peer group influence: friends become more important social models, and peer acceptance or pressure can affect participation in sports or physical activity
School and community: physical education classes, sports teams, and after-school programs
Gender expectations: social norms can influence which activities adolescents choose
Identity and self-esteem: adolescents look to peer and social recognition to shape identity
Lifestyle and work environment: sedentary jobs and busy schedules can limit physical activity
Family and responsibility shifts: parenthood or caring for relatives may reduce personal exercise time
Cultural and social norms: societal expectations about age-appropriate activities can encourage or deter exercise
Human development- the process of growth, change, and adaption through life
Motor development- the study of how motor skills develop and change over time Like learning to walk and improving balance
WHY?;
Helps identify development delays, guides teaching coaching and therapy, enhances understanding of physical and psychological growth
Domains of human development: affective, cognitive, motor, physical
Cognitive: learning, problem-solving
Affective: emotions, social interactions
Motor: movement, coordination
Physical: body size, shape, and structure
Development: this means how people change and grow over time in different ways, like learning new skills or becoming more mature
Maturation: this is your body and mind following a natural schedule of changes, like when you start to get stronger or more coordinated as you age
Growth: this is about your body getting bigger, like growing taller or gaining muscle
Sequential happens in an order
Continuous is ongoing and builds over time
Age-related milestones that happen at specific ages
Individualized everyone develops at their own pace
multi-directional can move in different areas at the same time
Gross motor skills- large movements
Fine motor skills- small movements
Cephalocaudal development- head-to-toe progressions
Proximodistal development- center-to-limbs progression
Prenatal development-conception to birth
Infancy-birth to 2 years
Childhood- 2-8 years
Pre adolescence- 8-12 years
Adolescence- 12-20 years
Adulthood- 20+ years
The process focuses on how movement develops
The Product focuses on the outcome of the movement