AMP vs ATP theory (the specific short-answer)

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Last updated 4:13 AM on 7/27/26
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6 Terms

1
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The adenylate kinase reaction

2 ADP ⇌ ATP + AMP

2
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Why AMP is a more sensitive energy signal than ATP

[ATP] ≫ [AMP] (~100×). A small % fall in ATP produces a large proportional rise in AMP — amplification via adenylate kinase

3
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Energy charge formula

EC = ([ATP] + ½[ADP]) / ([ATP] + [ADP] + [AMP]); ranges 0–1, cells hold ~0.8–0.95

4
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Effect of high energy charge on catabolic vs anabolic pathways

Inhibits catabolic (ATP-making), stimulates anabolic (ATP-using). Curves cross steeply near 0.85, buffering EC

5
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AMPK's role in one line

Master fuel sensor: high AMP/ATP turns ON catabolism (glucose uptake, β-oxidation) and OFF anabolism (fat/cholesterol synthesis)

6
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One-line summary of ATP vs AMP signalling

ATP says stop, AMP says go — and AMP shouts louder because it starts from almost nothing