ebme 201 exam 1 more mcq

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The most abundant type of cell in the human body is which of the following?

A. Neuron

B. Epithelial cell

C. White blood cell

D. Vascular smooth muscle cell

E. Red blood cell

F. Stem cell

E

Which of the following substances has the highest extracellular fluid to intracellular fluid concentration ratio for most mammalian cells? 

A. Potassium ions 

B. Sodium ions 

C. Silica 

D. Silica

D. Gold

B

Exchange of substances between the cardiovascular system and interstitial fluid tissues occur mainly in which of the following?

A. Arteries

B. Arterioles

C. Capillaries

D. Venules

E. Veins

C

Homeostasis is the maintenance of (multi)

A. Constant concentration of ions in the blood

B. Stable body temperature

C. Constant breathing rate

D. Stable pH

E. Constant heart pulse

A, B, D

How many cells does the human body have? 

A. 30 thousand 

B. 30 million

C. 30 billion

D. 30 trillion

D 

A typical human red blood cell has a disk diameter (multi)

A. about 7,000nm

B. about 7um

C. about 7 nm

D. 7mm

A, B

Which of the following statements about the cell membrane is true? (multi)

A. The cell membrane is a bilayer approximately 7.5-10um thick

B. The cell membrane contains DNA aggregates that are important in cell recognition

C. The cell membrane is almost freely permeable to DNA

D. The cell membrane contains cholesterol that regulates the fluidity of the membrane

E. Carbohydrates are attached on the outside of cell membranes forming the glycocalyx

F. The cell membrane is a bilayer approximately 7.5-10 nm thick

D, E, F

Microtubules (multi)

A. Are important in the cytoskeleton

B. Are important constituents of the cell membrane

C. Are composed of proteins synthesized by ribosomes 

A, C

Proteins are sorted for their delivery to lysosomes, secretory vesicles, and the plasma membrane in the 

A. Nucleolus 

B. Nucleus 

C. Agranular endoplasmic reticulum

D. Golgi apparatus 

E. Endosomes

F. Lysosomes 

D 

A pure phospholipid bilayer is most permeable to 

A. Sodium 

B. Calcium

C. Chloride

D. Water

E. Oxygen 

E

Which of the following is associated with the cell membrane? (multi)

A. Channel proteins 

B. DNA

C. Phospholipids 

D. Carbohydrates 

E. Cholesterol

A, C, D, E 

Lipid synthesis occurs in the

A. Golgi apparatus

B. Granular endoplasmic reticulum

C. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

D. Nucleus 

C

Which of the following statements are true? (multi)

A. Glycolysis alone ineffectively converts nutrients into energy 

B. Normal cells depend only on glycolysis to generate energy and avoid oxidative phosphorylation 

C. Most cells do not convert glucose to pyruvic acid 

D. The majority of ATP is generated during oxidative phosphorylation 

A, D 

Which of the following statements are true? (multi)

A. Glycogen is a large glucose polymer which serves as a storage of glucose

B. Oxidation of 1 mol of glucose releases 868 kcal of energy 

C. Typically glucose is converted to pyruvic acid and then to acetyl CoA

D. The Krebs cycle generates most of the ATP molecules 

E. Oxidative phosphorylation generates the majority of ATP molecules 

A, B, C, E

Which of the following statements about translation are true? (multi)

A. Multiple ribosomes can simultaneously translate a single mRNA molecule 

B. Each codon typically codes for 5 different amino acids 

C. Each amino acid has corresponding codon or codons 

D. Translation occurs in the nucleus

E. Transfer RNA acts a carrier molecules during protein synthesis 

F. Translation is initiated in the cytosol; protein is synthesized in ribosomes anchored to the endoplasmic reticulum membrane; protein is carried in membrane bound vesicles to the golgi network for packaging 

A, C, E, F 

Which of the following bases is not present in RNA?

A. Cytosine

B. Thymine

C. Adenine

D. Guanine

B

Replication of the genome occurs during the process of mitosis. 

A. True 

B. False 

B 

Cell differentiation is (multi)

A. Different from reproduction

B. Involves changes in physical and functional properties of cells as they proliferate

C. Not the result of the loss of genes. It is the result of the selective repression and/or expression of specific genes

A, B, C

Necrosis is

A. The suicidal programmed cell death which involves proteolytic cascade (capases) leading to shrinkage, dissemblance of cytoskeleton and alteration of cell surface for recognition by macrophages 

B. The acute injury causing disruption of the cell membrane integrity followed by inflammation 

C. Also called apoptosis 

D. None of the above 

B

Apoptosis is (multi) 

A. The suicidal programmed cell death which involves proteolytic cascade (capases) leading to shrinkage, dissemblance of cytoskeleton and alteration of cell surface for recognition by macrophages 

B. The acute injury leading the cell membrane integrity followed by inflammation

C. Also called necrosis

D. Important to control the balance of cell density in tissues 

A 

Which of the following statements about protein structure are true? (multi) 

A. Out of the 20 amino acids (AA), proteins consist of polar, nonpolar, and non-charged AA but not charged AA

B. In the alpha-helix, the carbonyl oxygen of residue “i” forms a hydrogen bond with the amide of residue “i+4”

C. The property of a peptide for forming alpha-helix, beta sheet, or beta-turns depends on its sequence

D. The tertiary structure is the global folding of a protein chain 

E. The human cells can synthesize all 20 amino acid 

B, C, D

The diffusion of a substance will decrease if there is an increase in which of the following?

A. Concentration gradient

B. Distance

C. Temperature

D. All of the above `

B 

For each complete cycle of activity, the membrane sodium-potassium ATPase moves ____ sodium ions out of the cell and ______ potassium ions into the cell? 

A. 3, 3 

B. 3, 2 

C. 2, 3 

D. 2, 2

B

The molarity of a 2% solution of NaCl is 340 mmol/L. The molecular weight of NaCl is 58.5. What is the osmolarity of a 2% solution of NaCl (in mOsm/L)?

A. 170

B. 340

C. 510

D. 680

D

Human red blood cells placed in a solution 300 mOsm/L glycerol will swell and burst. However, rabbit RBC’s placed in 300 mOsm/L glycerol neither swell nor shrink. This difference between human and rabbit RBC’s occurs even when both cell types are equilibrated in isotonic saline (300 mOsm/L NaCl) before placement in the glycerol. Based on this information, which of the following can be concluded about a 300 mOsm/L solution of glycerol for the different cell types?

Rabbit RBC’; Human RBC’s 

A. Hypertonic and hyperosmotic; hypotonic and hyposmotic 

B. Hypotonic and hyposmotic; hypertonic and hyperosmotic 

C. Isotonic and isomotic; hypotonic and isosmotic 

D. Isotonic and isosmotic; isotonic and isosmotic 

E. Hypotonic and isosmotic; isotonic and isosmotic 

C

A cell is equilibrated in an aqueous solution of 300 mOsm/L sodium chloride. Which of the following best describes what will happen to cell volume when the cell is placed in an aqueous solution of 200 mOsm/L sodium chloride and 300 mOsm/L glycerol?

A. Decrease 

B. Decrease and then increase 

C. Increase 

D. Increase and then decrease 

E. No change 

B

The diagram illustrates possible changes in red blood cell volume resulting from a change in extracellular fluid composition for a cell equilibrated in 150 mmol/L NaCl at time 0. Which curve best illustrates the volume caused by immersion of the cell in an aqueous solution of 100 mmol/L CaCl2? 

** NaCl and CaCl2 can be assumed that has zero permeability through the cell membrane 

C 

Cancer is a complex set of diseases with fundamental commonalities such as (multi)

A. Accumulation of critical mutations within a cell

B. Stem-like features

C. Sustained angiogenesis 

D. Self-sufficiency in growth signals 

E. Insensitivity to anit-growth signals 

F. Limitless replicative potential 

G.  Evading apoptosis 

A, B, C, D, E, F, G 

What is the fastest rate that cancer cells can divide?

A. About 10-20 hours 

B. About 10 days 

C. About 10 weeks 

A 

Which statement below is true regarding the existence of cancer stem cells?

A. Only a minority of cells in a tumor can generate a new tumor 

B. Tumors re-grow after apparent regression

C. Tumor forming cells can be isolated with stem cell markers 

D. All of the above 

D