Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 1 Terms

Anatomy

The study of the body’s structure.

Physiology

The study of function of the human body.

Evolution

A random change in gene expression.

Flow

The movement of a substance or molecule.

Flow Formula

Flow equals gradient over resistance.

Homeostasis

The dynamic stability of the body’s internal enviroment.

Receptors

Monitors and sends info to control center.

Control Center

Determines if changes are necessary.

Effectors

Makes the changes.

Negative-Feedback

Receptors, control center, and effectors.

Positive-Feedback

Birth and blood clotting.

What happens if your body can’t maintain Homeostasis?

You’ll get a disease.

What are the levels of organization?

Chemical, Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system and Organism.

What are all the organ systems?

Integrumetry, Skeletal, Muscular, Nervous, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Lymphatic, Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary, and Reproductive.

What does the Integrumetry system do?

Creates a barrier that protects the body from losing fluids and pathogens.

What does the Skeletal system do?

Supports and protects the body.

What does the Muscular system do?

Creates the movement of the body and helps with body temp.

What does the Nervous system do?

Acts as a sensor for Homeostasis and connect the brain to all parts of the body.

What does the Endocrine system do?

Releases the hormones that regulate bodily processes.

What does the Cardiovascular system do?

Delivers oxygen and nutrients throughout the body and helps with body temp.

What does the Lymphatic system do?

Regulates fluid balance.

What does the Respiratory system do?

Exchanges air with the atmosphere.

What does the Digestive system do?

Breaks down food and absorbs nutrients.

What does the Urinary system do?

Contributes to blood pressure and pH homeostasis.

What does the Reproductive system do?

Produces and exchanges gametes, houses fetus until birth and lactates

Superior

Towards the head

Supine

Laying down on your back, face and chest facing up.

Inferior

Away from the head.

Anterior

In or towards the front.

Posterior

In or towards the back.

Medial

Towards the median.

Appendicular

An appendage or limb.

Lateral

Away from the median.

Prone

Laying down on your stomach, face and chest facing down.

Cranial

Towards the cranium or head.

Caudal

Towards the tail.

Proximal

Close or towards the point of origin of a body part.

Axial

Relating to an axis of the body.

Distal

Away or further fro the point of origin of a body part.

Sagittal

Left to right.

Frontal

Front to back.

Transverse

Horizontally flat between the Frontal and Sagittal planes.

What are the Posterior body cavities?

Cranial and spinal cavities.

What are the Anterior body cavities?

Thoracic (upper chest) and Abdominopelvic cavities.

What are the 4 abdominopelvic quadrants?

Right upper, Left upper, Right lower, and Left lower.

What are the 9 abdominopelvic regions?

Right and left hypochondriac, Epigastric, Right and left lumbar, Umbilical, Right and left lilac, and Hypogastric.

What are the 2 Serous Membrane layers?

Pariental (outer) and Visceral (inner).