Female Reproduction Chapter 24 Study Prompts

Do you know the name, function and location of the female gonad?

• ovaries.

• Located in the abdominopelvic cavity. Produce the gamete and sex hormones for the female.

Can you list the ducts of the female reproductive system?

vagina, uterus and oviduct

Can you list the accessory glands of the system?

1. What purpose do these glands serve?

• greater vestibular glands- may contribute to some of the lubrication of the vulva

• mammary glands- produce milk to nourish the infant

Which structures of the system are internal genitalia?

vagina, uterus, oviduct and ovaries

Which structures of the system are external genitalia?

vulva- mons pubis, labia, clitoris

Can you describe the shape, location and function of the ovaries?

oval shaped, suspended in the abdominopelvic cavity and produce sex hormones and gametes

Can you list the ligaments that are responsible for maintaining the position of the ovaries?

Ligaments:

1. Suspensory- suspend ovaries from the abdominopelvic wall

2. Broad- tethers ovaries to the pelvic wall

Can you describe the blood supply to/from the ovary?

1. Which part of the ovary do these vessels occupy?

• ovarian artery brings blood to the ovaries and ovarian veins take blood away.

• These vessels are also named "gonadal". They occupy the medulla.

In which part of the ovary are the follicles located?

cortex

Can you describe the following follicle stages?

1. Primordial

2. Primary

3. Secondary

4. Graafian

Stage:

1. Primordial- born with this stage. Oocyte with simple squamous layer of follicle cells.

2. Primary- ranges from oocyte with cuboidal layer of cells to many layers of granulosa cells (formed by mitosis of the follicle cells).

3. Secondary- presence of the antrum

4. Graafian- protrudes from the surface of the ovary, ready for ovulation

Can you describe the follicle and granulosa cells?

• follicle cells- single layer of cuboidal cells that will do mitosis and give rise to the granulosa cells.

• Granulosa cells- many layers of cells that will make aromatase (an enzyme that turns androgens into estrogen).

What is an antrum in a follicle?

fluid-filled area that surrounds the oocyte in the secondary and Grafian follicle stages

What is an oocyte?

immature egg (gamete)

What is the process of ejecting an oocyte from a follicle called?

ovulation

Do you know what a corpus luteum is?

the follicle that remains behind after the oocyte ovulates becomes the corpus luteum, which is responsible for progesterone production

Do you know the other two names for the fallopian tubes?

oviducts and uterine tubes

Can you describe the structural parts, location and function of the fallopian tubes?

Parts:

1. Isthmus- narrow region that connects to the uterus

2. Ampulla- widened distal end

3. Infundibulum- distal to the ampulla and is lined with fimbrae d.
   Fimbrae- finger-like projections lines with cilia that create current in the peritoneal cavity and "sweeps" the oocyte into the oviduct. Oviduct is located in the pelvic cavity between the uterus and the ovary and is a passageway to carry the oocyte or fertilized ovum to the uterus

What is the relationship of the fallopian tube and ovary?

Fimbrae- finger-like projections lines with cilia that create current in the peritoneal cavity and "sweeps" the oocyte into the oviduct. Oviduct is located in the pelvic cavity between the uterus and the ovary and is a passageway to carry the oocyte or fertilized ovum to the uterus

Where does the fallopian tube enter the uterus?

superolaterally

Do you know the location and function of fimbrae?

Fimbrae- finger-like projections lines with cilia that create current in the peritoneal cavity and "sweeps" the oocyte into the oviduct. Oviduct is located in the pelvic cavity between the uterus and the ovary and is a passageway to carry the oocyte or fertilized ovum to the uterus

Can you describe the tissue layers of the fallopian tubes?

from lumen outwards:

1. Mucosa- simple columnar, some with cilia to move the oocyte, some without to secrete and nourish the egg (and potentially sperm)

2. Muscularis- smooth muscle. Can do peristalsis

3. Serosa- visceral peritoneum

Do you know which ligament that provides support to the fallopian tubes?

broad ligament

Can you describe the anatomical structures, location and function of the uterus?

Features:

1. Fundus- domed superior region

2. Body- main part, cavity

3. Isthmus- narrowed region superior to the cervix

4. Cervix entrance to uterus

5. Located in the pelvic cavity and houses the fetus during gestation

Can you describe the anatomical structures, location and function of the cervix?

• inferior aspect of the uterus.

• Provides an entrance via the cervical canal.

• Secretes into the vagina for lubrication.

Do you know the function of cervical glands?

• secretes into the vagina for lubrication.

• Part of this is glycogen, which is a fuel for lactobacillus, a bacterium that produces acid and provides a low pH in the vagina

Do you know the name of the ligament that provides support to the uterus laterally?

broad

What is the location and function of the round ligaments?

tethers the uterus to the external genitalia

Can you describe the tissue layers of the uterus?

1. Can you describe the two sublayers of the endometrium?

2. What is the function of each? ii. Which one is shed during menses?

3. Which one is responsive to hormones?

Layers:

1. Perimetrium- visceral peritoneum

2. Myometrium- smooth muscle layer

3. Endometrium-

   1. Stratum functionalis- sloughs each month. Also the layer that the fertilized egg would implant into

   2. Stratum basalis- mitotic layer that replaces the functionalis each month

   3. The functionalis, which is why it sheds. No progesterone present causes this layer to slough.

Can you describe the anatomical structures, location and function of the vagina?

Located between the cervix and external environment. Serves as a passage for menses or infant, and is the female organ of copulation

1. Structures:

   1. Fornix- region that surrounds the cervix

   2. Transverse rugae- lateral folds of mucosa that stimulate the penis during intercourse

   3. Vaginal orifice- opening into the vulva

   4. Hymen- epithelia that spans the vaginal orifice. May be complete, incomplete or absent at birth.

30. Can you describe the tissue layers of the vagina?

a. What are rugae formed from and what is their function?

Layers:

1. Mucosa- stratified squamous epithelia. Lines lumen and forms the transverse rugae

2. Muscularis- smooth muscle. Can do peristalsis

3. Adventitia- outer fibrous CT wrapping

4. Transverse rugae- lateral folds of mucosa that stimulate the penis during intercourse

Do you know what the hymen is?

Hymen- epithelia that spans the vaginal orifice. May be complete, incomplete or absent at birth.

Do you know what the vaginal fornix is?

Fornix- region that surrounds the cervix

Can you list and describe structure, location and function of the external female genitalia?

located in the perineum, collectively called the vulva.

1. Mons pubis- fatty deposit over the pubic symphysis

2. Labia majora- outer tissue fold lined with hair

3. Labia minora- inner mucosal fold

4. Clitoris- erectile tissue, covered by prepuce

5. Vaginal and urethral orifices

Do you know what the greater vestibular glands are? What are their function and location?

1. Which male glands are these homologous to?

• they are glands that secrete a fluid that may contribute to the lubrication of the vulva.

• Their ducts open into the vulva. They are homologous to the male bulbourethral glands

Do you know what type of gland mammary glands are?

exocrine, modified sudoriferous

Can you describe the structures in the breast?

1. What forms lobes in the breast?

2. What forms lobules?

3. How are the breasts anchored to underlying tissues?

4. Can you trace the path of milk through the breast?

Structure:

1. Suspensory ligament

2. Lactiferous ducts

3. Suspensory ligament

4. Produced in the alveoli, led through the lactiferous duct and collects in the lactiferous sinus before leaving the nipple