Final Exam (DHY 250)

Test #1, Test #2, Quizzes 10-13

T2

1.) Iodine deficiency may result in:

a) Increased A1C

b) Goiter

c) Rise in INR (blood clotting)

d) Rickets

a) Increased A1C

b) Goiter

c) Rise in INR (blood clotting)

d) Rickets

T2

2.) Electrolytes include:

1. Potassium

2. Sodium

3. Chloride

4. Phosphate

a) 1 and 2

b) 2 and 3

c) 1, 2, 3

d) All of the above

a) 1 and 2

b) 2 and 3

c) 1, 2, 3

d) All of the above

T2

3.) This mineral works in tandem with Vitamins A, C, and E to act as a free radical scavenger:

a) Calcium

b) Magnesium

c) Selenium

d) Boron

e) Zinc

a) Calcium

b) Magnesium

c) Selenium

d) Boron

e) Zinc

T2

4.) Which vitamin deficiency is associated with the following?

• Scurvy

• Poor or slow healing

• Bleeding gums

• Bruising

• Poor digestion

a) Vitamin C

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin E

d) Vitamin B-3

a) Vitamin C

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin E

d) Vitamin B-3

T2

5.) A can of soup has 4 servings per container:

• There are 210 calories per serving

• A serving size is 1.5 cups

• A person consumes 3 cups of soup

How many calories did this person consume?

a) 840

b) 315

c) 420

d) 630

a) 840

b) 315

c) 420

d) 630

T2

6.) NSI is an acronym for:

a) National Screening Initiative

b) Nutritional Screening Initiative

c) National Standard Intake of Nutrients

d) National Standard Intake process

a) National Screening Initiative

b) Nutritional Screening Initiative

c) National Standard Intake of Nutrients

d) National Standard Intake process

T2

7.) Which of the following is associated with neural tubal defects:

a) Excess B-6

b) Excess folate

c) Folate deficiency

d) B-6 deficiency

a) Excess B-6

b) Excess folate

c) Folate deficiency

d) B-6 deficiency

T2

8.) A diuretic may result in :

a) Potassium loss

b) Increase sodium

c) Increased calcium absorbency

d) Increased vitamin D

a) Potassium loss

b) Increase sodium

c) Increased calcium absorbency

d) Increased vitamin D

T2

9.) Which of the following is only found in animal foods and thus may cause a deficiency in vegetarians:

a) Cobalamin

b) Vitamin B-6

c) Vitamin B-12

d) Both A and C

a) Cobalamin

b) Vitamin B-6

c) Vitamin B-12

d) Both A and C

T2

10.) In people who take prescription medications, adding herbal supplementation is a primary concern for their physicians. Drug interactions between herbal supplement and OTC or prescription medications may result is serious adverse reactions for the person.

a) Both statements are true.

b) First statement is true, second is false.

c) First statement is false, second is true.

d) Both statements are false

a) Both statements are true.

b) First statement is true, second is false.

c) First statement is false, second is true.

d) Both statements are false

T2

11.) Macrominerals are needed in which amounts:

a) Greater than 50mg

b) Greater than 100mg

c) Greater than 200mg

d) Greater than 100 IU

a) Greater than 50mg

b) Greater than 100mg

c) Greater than 200mg

d) Greater than 100 IU

T2

12.) What does GMO stand for?

a) Genetically modified organism

b) Genetically manipulated organism

c) Gene manipulation orientation

d) Gene modified organisms

a) Genetically modified organism

b) Genetically manipulated organism

c) Gene manipulation orientation

d) Gene modified organisms

T2

13.) Which of the following government agencies is responsible for verifying that all herbal supplements are advertised accurately?

a) Federal Trade Commission

b) Federal Food and Drug Administration

c) Drug Enforcement Administration

d) Commission on Accurate Manufacturing (CAM)

a) Federal Trade Commission

b) Federal Food and Drug Administration

c) Drug Enforcement Administration

d) Commission on Accurate Manufacturing (CAM)

T2

14.) NSI was initiated as a tool for screening the following:

a) Low SES

b) Children

c) Elderly

d) All of the above

a) Low SES

b) Children

c) Elderly

d) All of the above

T2

15.) Oral Health Professional: "I want you to floss every day for at least 5 minutes to reduce that gum inflammation" is the following":

1. Example of Directive Approach

2. Example of Non-Directive Approach

3. Is an appropriate and effective means of communicating with patient

4. In non-effective means of communicating with the patient

5. Is effective with children

6. Values the more knowing (counselor) over the less knowing (client)

a) All of the above

b) 1, 3, 5, 6

c) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

d) 1, 4, 6

e) 1 and 4 only

a) All of the above

b) 1, 3, 5, 6

c) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

d) 1, 4, 6

e) 1 and 4 only

T2

16.) What is an extracellular ion involved in maintaining fluid balance.

a) Potassium

b) Phosphorus

c) Manganese

d) Sodium

a) Potassium

b) Phosphorus

c) Manganese

d) Sodium

T2

17.) Earlier findings associated the following vitamin deficiency directly with cheilosis:

a) Vitamin B-1

b) Vitamin B-2

c) Riboflavin

d) Both B and C

a) Vitamin B-1

b) Vitamin B-2

c) Riboflavin

d) Both B and C

T2

18.) What is found in fiber and binds with zinc and may cause calcium to bind to the intestine and prevent it's absorption?

a) Oxylates

b) Phylates

c) Chelates

d) Lactates

a) Oxylates

b) Phylates

c) Chelates

d) Lactates

T2

19.) Which mineral condition is associated with the following?

• nausea

• vomiting

• muscle cramps

• cardiac arrest

• respiratory failure

a) Sodium excess

b) Potassium deficiency

c) Potassium excess

d) Magnesium excess

a) Sodium excess

b) Potassium deficiency

c) Potassium excess

d) Magnesium excess

T2

20.) Most abundant mineral in the body:

a) Calcium

b) Magnesium

c) Phosphorus

d) Potassium

a) Calcium

b) Magnesium

c) Phosphorus

d) Potassium

T2

21.) The following is a description of which deficiency:

• Vitamin deficiency of infants and children

• Soft pliable bones

• Pigeon breasted and bow legged

• Delayed dentition and poorly calcified teeth

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin K

d) Calcium

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin K

d) Calcium

T2

22.) Patients on diuretics are often advised by physicians to eat a banana or drink a class of OJ to replenish:

a) Potassium

b) Sodium

c) Chloride

d) Magnesium

a) Potassium

b) Sodium

c) Chloride

d) Magnesium

T2

23.) Diarrhea, dermatitis, depression, disorientation, delirium, dementia and ultimately death are associated with:

a) Pellagra

b) Vita B-3

c) Niacin

d) All of the above

a) Pellagra

b) Vita B-3

c) Niacin

d) All of the above

T2

24.) Factors determining bioavailability are:

a) Food and meal composition

b) Processing

c) Preparation

d) Body nutrient status

e) All of the above

a) Food and meal composition

b) Processing

c) Preparation

d) Body nutrient status

e) All of the above

T2

25.) Minerals are endogenous, and can be supplied from:

a) Drinking water

b) Soil where food is grown

c) Ocean, lakes, rivers

d) All of the above

a) Drinking water

b) Soil where food is grown

c) Ocean, lakes, rivers

d) All of the above

T2

26.) Night blindness is associated with which of the following:

a) Vitamin A deficiency

b) Vitamin B deficiency

c) Vitamin D deficiency

d) Vitamin D excess

a) Vitamin A deficiency

b) Vitamin B deficiency

c) Vitamin D deficiency

d) Vitamin D excess

T2

27.) Condition that is associated with softening of the bones dues to a lack of Vitamin D or a problem with the body's ability to break down and use this vitamin and Calcium:

a) Osteomalacia

b) Osteoporosis

c) Goiter

d) Cretinism

a) Osteomalacia

b) Osteoporosis

c) Goiter

d) Cretinism

T2

28.) Nutritional Facts contain several parts and under the NLEA, food manufacturers are required to provide daily values based on ______________calorie diet.

a) 1000

b) 1,500

c) 2,000

d) 3,000

a) 1000

b) 1,500

c) 2,000

d) 3,000

T2

29.) Used by the body to make thyroxin that regulates metabolism and physical and mental development.

a) Selenium

b) Zinc

c) Copper

d) Iodine

a) Selenium

b) Zinc

c) Copper

d) Iodine

T2

30.) Water soluble vitamins include:

a) All the B vitamins and Vitamin C

b) A, B and C

c) A, D, E, K

d) Just the B vitamins

a) All the B vitamins and Vitamin C

b) A, B and C

c) A, D, E, K

d) Just the B vitamins

T2

31.) Cofactor for synthesis of prothrombin for blood clotting and helps produce a key protein in bone remodeling and blocks substances that speed the breakdown of bone is associated with:

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin E

d) Vitamin K

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin E

d) Vitamin K

T2

32.) Which mineral:

• works intracellular to maintain water balance in the body's fluid compartments

• plays an essential role in muscle contractions and neurological transmissions

a) Calcium

b) Magnesium

c) Chloride

d) Potassium

a) Calcium

b) Magnesium

c) Chloride

d) Potassium

T2

33.) This vitamin is found exclusively in animal products:

a) Vitamin C

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin B-12

d) Vitamin B-9

a) Vitamin C

b) Vitamin D

c) Vitamin B-12

d) Vitamin B-9

T2

34.) Pernicious anemia is associated with:

1. B-12 deficiency

2. B-6 deficiency

3. Macrocytic anemia

4. Not enough greens in the diet

5. Lack of stomach acid (achlorhydria)

6. Lack of intrinsic factor

a) 1, 3, 5, 6

b) 2, 3, 4, 5

c) 2, 3, 5, 6

d) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

a) 1, 3, 5, 6

b) 2, 3, 4, 5

c) 2, 3, 5, 6

d) 2, 3, 4, 5, 6

T2

35.) Thiamin deficiency may result in:

a) Beriberi

b) Kwashiorkor

c) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

d) Both A and C

a) Beriberi

b) Kwashiorkor

c) Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome

d) Both A and C

T2

36.) Which of the following is manufactured in the intestine?

a) Vitamins A and K

b) Vitamins E and K

c) Vitamin E

d) Vitamin K

a) Vitamins A and K

b) Vitamins E and K

c) Vitamin E

d) Vitamin K

T2

37.) Combat cancer, arteriosclerosis, cataracts and other aging diseases by preventing oxygen damage to DNA.

1. Free radicals

2. Vitamin A

3. Vitamin C

4. Vitamin E

5. Antioxidants

a) All of the above

b) 2, 3, 4, 5

c) 1, 2, 3, 4

d) 2, 3, 5 only

a) All of the above

b) 2, 3, 4, 5

c) 1, 2, 3, 4

d) 2, 3, 5 only

T2

38.) The roles of dietary counseling for the dental hygienist include the following:

1. Prevention of dental disease

2. Teaching relationship between diet and dental health and the connection to overall health

3. Recommendations for weight loss

4. Recommendations for certain medical conditions

5. Referral agent to physician for further counseling

a) All of the above

b) None of the above

c) 1 and 2 only

d) 1, 2 and 5 only

e) 1, 2 and 4 only

a) All of the above

b) None of the above

c) 1 and 2 only

d) 1, 2 and 5 only

e) 1, 2 and 4 only

T2

39.) Involves assessing reported dietary intake in comparison to an accepted standard is the definition of the following:

a) Nutritional counseling

b) Nutritional analysis

c) Dietary analysis

d) Dietary counseling

a) Nutritional counseling

b) Nutritional analysis

c) Dietary analysis

d) Dietary counseling

T2

40.) Water soluble vitamins that are Hematopoietic Vitamins include:

1. Vitamin B-1

2. Vitamin D

3. Vitamin B-12

4. Folate

5. Vitamin B-3

a) 1, 2, 3, 4

b) 3, 4 only

c) 2, 3, 4, 5

d) All of the above

a) 1, 2, 3, 4

b) 3, 4 only

c) 2, 3, 4, 5

d) All of the above

T2

41.) Co-factor in insulin production and uptake of insulin by cell membranes and assist in blood sugar regulation.

a) Selenium

b) Copper

c) Chromium

d) Zinc

a) Selenium

b) Copper

c) Chromium

d) Zinc

T2

42.) The following is associated with which vitamin?

• Beriberi

• Enlarged and irregularly beating heart

• Loss of appetite, muscle weakness, loss of sensation in the extremities, mental confusion

a) Riboflavin

b) Thiamin

c) Niacin

d) Folic Acid

a) Riboflavin

b) Thiamin

c) Niacin

d) Folic Acid

T2

43.) Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin excreted in the urine that mega dosing may result in long-term, painful neurological symptoms known as sensory neuropathy:

a) B-1

b) B-2

c) B-3

d) B-6

a) B-1

b) B-2

c) B-3

d) B-6

T2

44.) Macrominerals include:

1. Calcium

2. Chromium

3. Phosphorus

4. Zinc

5. Magnesium

6. Manganese

7. Fluoride

a) 1, 2, 3, 5

b) 1, 3, 6

c) 1, 3, 5

d) 1, 3, 7

a) 1, 2, 3, 5

b) 1, 3, 6

c) 1, 3, 5

d) 1, 3, 7

T2

45.) How many calories are in 2 g of fat?

a) 18

b) 8

c) 9

d) 19

a) 18

b) 8

c) 9

d) 19

T1

1.) Russell's sign refers to:

a) calloused knuckles from induced purging.

b) edema in extremities.

c) broken ocular blood vessels.

d) chest pain with shortness of breath

a) calloused knuckles from induced purging.

b) edema in extremities.

c) broken ocular blood vessels.

d) chest pain with shortness of breath

T1

2.) Which amino acids are synthesized by the body?

a) Indispensible amino acids

b) Dispensible amino acids

c) Essential amino acids

d) All of the above

a) Indispensible amino acids

b) Dispensible amino acids

c) Essential amino acids

d) All of the above

T1

3.) A combination of two or more proteins to compensate for deficiencies in amino acid content is the definition of the following:

a) Supplementary protein

b) Complimentary protein

c) Complimentary amino acids

d) Comprehensive protein

a) Supplementary protein

b) Complimentary protein

c) Complimentary amino acids

d) Comprehensive protein

T1

4.) The substance associated with reducing blood clot formation is the following:

a) Omega 3

b) Omega 6

c) Trans fats

d) Both Omega 3 and Omega 6

a) Omega 3

b) Omega 6

c) Trans fats

d) Both Omega 3 and Omega 6

T1

5.) Glycogen is stored in which of the following structures?

a) Kidney

b) Liver

c) Muscle

d) Both B and C

a) Kidney

b) Liver

c) Muscle

d) Both B and C

T1

6.) Carbohydrate =______Kcal/gram

a) 4

b) 6

c) 7

d) 9

a) 4

b) 6

c) 7

d) 9

T1

7.) A deficiency of this, in the first year of life can result in delayed deciduous eruption, delayed loss of primary teeth and a greater caries risk.

a) Protein

b) Carbohydrates

c) Lipids

d) Fruits and vegetables

a) Protein

b) Carbohydrates

c) Lipids

d) Fruits and vegetables

T1

8.) All of the following are associated with the physical signs of anorexia Except:

a) extreme thinness

b) lanugo.

c) bloodshot eyes.

d) pale complexion

a) extreme thinness

b) lanugo.

c) bloodshot eyes.

d) pale complexion

T1

9.) According to the textbook, the kidneys contribute to the loss of body water by producing a minimum of __________ of urine each day.

a) 1 Cup

b) 1 pint

c) 2 pints

d) 1 quart

a) 1 Cup

b) 1 pint

c) 2 pints

d) 1 quart

T1

10.) All of the following are involved in protein metabolism except:

a) Protease

b) Amylase

c) Trypsin

d) HCL

a) Protease

b) Amylase

c) Trypsin

d) HCL

T1

11.) Trans fats raise blood cholesterol as much as saturated fat making it a secret killer.

a) True

b) False

a) True

b) False

T1

12.) Proteins are organic compounds because of the presence of;

a) Carbon

b) Oxygen

c) Nitrogen

d) All of the above

a) Carbon

b) Oxygen

c) Nitrogen

d) All of the above

T1

13.) The major roles of water are:

1. Maintain homeostasis

2. Energy

3. Removes and dilutes toxic waste

4. Serves as a major transport system

5. Regulates body temperature

6. Protects delicate body tissues

7. Insulates organs

a) 1,2,3,4,5,6

b) 1,2,4,5,6,7

c) 1,3,4,5,6

d) All are true

a) 1,2,3,4,5,6

b) 1,2,4,5,6,7

c) 1,3,4,5,6

d) All are true

T1

14.) The following is descriptive of which condition?

• chronic: long-term protein deficit

• most common 6-18 months

• muscle weakening including heart, brain and nervous system impairment

• appear old and shriveled

• dry skin. loose skin folds hanging over the glutei, axillae etc

• drastic loss of adipose tissue from normal areas of fat deposits like buttocks and thighs

• the child is fretful, irritable, and may show voracious appetite

• There may be alternate bands of pigmented and depigmented hair (flag sign)

• flaky paint appearance of skin due to peeling

a) Alopecia

b) Kwashiorkor

c) Marasmus

d) Pellegra

a) Alopecia

b) Kwashiorkor

c) Marasmus

d) Pellegra

T1

15.) The building blocks for protein are:

a) Fatty acids

b) Amino Acids

c) Peptide bonds

d) Proteases

a) Fatty acids

b) Amino Acids

c) Peptide bonds

d) Proteases

T1

16.) Natural sugar found in milk:

a) Maltose

b) Lactose

c) Lactase

d) galactose

a) Maltose

b) Lactose

c) Lactase

d) galactose

T1

17.) The main difference between a MUFA and a PUFA is amount of hydrogen bonds attached to the carbon molecules

a) True

b) False

a) True

b) False

T1

18.) Which of the following lipoprotein is associated with keeping the heart healthy?

a) LDL

b) HDL

c) VLDL

d) Chylomicron

a) LDL

b) HDL

c) VLDL

d) Chylomicron

T1

19.) RDA for health adults for protein;

a) 0.8g/kg body weight

b) 8 g/kg of body weight

c) 0.4g/kg of body weight

d) 0.8g/lb of body weight

a) 0.8g/kg body weight

b) 8 g/kg of body weight

c) 0.4g/kg of body weight

d) 0.8g/lb of body weight

T1

20.) All of the following describe malnutrition;

1. malnutrition merely means bad nutrition

2. the term is often used primarily to describe the undernutrition

3.  seen in nutrient and calorie deficiencies

4. any aberrations from optimal nutrition can rightfully be called malnutrition

5. malnutrition doesn't include obesity

a) all of the above

b) 1,2,4, only

c) 1,2,3,4 only

d) 1,3,4 only

a) all of the above

b) 1,2,4, only

c) 1,2,3,4 only

d) 1,3,4 only

T1

21.) Carbohydrate restriction can:

a) Minimize vital metabolic function

b) Make the liver convert fat into fatty acids using adipose cells

c) Release fatty acids creating incomplete breakdown in the liver leading to formation of ketones

d) All of the above

a) Minimize vital metabolic function

b) Make the liver convert fat into fatty acids using adipose cells

c) Release fatty acids creating incomplete breakdown in the liver leading to formation of ketones

d) All of the above

T1

22.) Which of the following eating disorders causes a person to crave nonfood items?

a) Anorexia nervosa

b) Body dysmorphic disorder

c) Pica

d) Orthorexia nervosa

a) Anorexia nervosa

b) Body dysmorphic disorder

c) Pica

d) Orthorexia nervosa

T1

23.) Proteins are made up of the following

1. carbon

2. Oxygen

3. Nitrogen

4. Hydrogen

5. COOH

6. Glycogen

a) 1,2,3,4 only

b) 1,2,3,4, and 5

c) 1,2,3,4, and 6

d) All of the above

a) 1,2,3,4 only

b) 1,2,3,4, and 5

c) 1,2,3,4, and 6

d) All of the above

T1

24.) Which of the following are true:

1. Earliest clinical signs of nutritional deficiencies or other health disorders are first seen in the oral cavity

2. Reason: oral tissues have a more rapid turnover time (12-14 days) than other tissues of the body

3. The oral cavity is the mirror of overall health

4. Dental caries is the most common chronic childhood disease

a) 1,2,3, are true

b) Only 1 and 3 are true

c) All are true

d) 1,3, and 4 are true

a) 1,2,3, are true

b) Only 1 and 3 are true

c) All are true

d) 1,3, and 4 are true

T1

25.) Soluble fiber has some of the same health benefits as insoluble fiber and may decrease glucose absorption.

a) True

b) False

a) True

b) False

T1

26.) The science of how the body uses food to meet its requirements for growth, development, repair and maintenance is one of the definitions of:

a) Biology

b) Nutrition

c) Diet

d) Both b and c

a) Biology

b) Nutrition

c) Diet

d) Both b and c

T1

27.) What elements are involved in protein digestion in the stomach?

a) Pepsin and HCL

b) Trypsin and chymotrypsin

c) Pepsin and chymotrypsin

d) HCL and trypsin

a) Pepsin and HCL

b) Trypsin and chymotrypsin

c) Pepsin and chymotrypsin

d) HCL and trypsin

T1

28.) Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the mechanical action of chewing and the chemical action of pancreatic amylase:

a) Both statements are true

b) Both statements are false

c) First statement is false, and second statement is true

d) First statement is true, and second statement is false

a) Both statements are true

b) Both statements are false

c) First statement is false, and second statement is true

d) First statement is true, and second statement is false

T1

29.) If water lost through sweat is not replaced, you would be in a state of__________ and your body temperature would rise.

a) Euhydration.

b) Hyperhydration

c) Hypohydration.

d) Toxicity

a) Euhydration.

b) Hyperhydration

c) Hypohydration.

d) Toxicity

T1

30.) According to the textbook, hypoglycemia is diagnosed when blood sugar levels;

a) Are more than 70 mg/dl

b) Are less than 80 mg/dl

c) Are between 80-120mg/dl

d) Are less than 90 mg/dl

a) Are more than 70 mg/dl

b) Are less than 80 mg/dl

c) Are between 80-120mg/dl

d) Are less than 90 mg/dl

T1

31.) High Density Lipids:

a) Remove cholesterol from vessel walls and takes it back to the liver where it is excreted with body waste

b) Is considered bad for your heart

c) Carries the cholesterol to the heart's arteries, where it penetrates the vessel walls and narrows or "clogs" the arteries

d) Considered the BAD cholesterol

a) Remove cholesterol from vessel walls and takes it back to the liver where it is excreted with body waste

b) Is considered bad for your heart

c) Carries the cholesterol to the heart's arteries, where it penetrates the vessel walls and narrows or "clogs" the arteries

d) Considered the BAD cholesterol

T1

32.) According to the textbook, at the very least, humans need a little over _______________ of water each day just to replenish unavoidable losses in urine, feces, sweat, and expired air.

a) 1 pint

b) 1 quart

c) 2 quarts

d) 1 gallon

a) 1 pint

b) 1 quart

c) 2 quarts

d) 1 gallon

T1

33.) Lipids or fats should be limited to _______% of our diet.

a) 15%

b) 20%

c) 30%

d) 35%

a) 15%

b) 20%

c) 30%

d) 35%

T1

34.) All of the following are essential functions of carbohydrates in the body except one. Which one is the exception?

a) Spare body protein from degradation

b) Provide an energy source

c) Ensure proper fat metabolism

d) Form essential amino acids

a) Spare body protein from degradation

b) Provide an energy source

c) Ensure proper fat metabolism

d) Form essential amino acids

T1

35.) What we put into our mouths effects our bodies and the oral cavity and what is happening on our bodies is reflected in the oral cavity. This statement is best described as;

a) Reciprocity

b) A reciprocal relationship

c) Symbiotic relationship

d) Homeostasis

a) Reciprocity

b) A reciprocal relationship

c) Symbiotic relationship

d) Homeostasis

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36.) Perimolysis is associated with the following:

a) Rupture of red blood cells leading to edema

b) Inflammation around the third molars

c) Decalcification of teeth from exposure to gastric acid

d) Excessively chapped lips associated with eating disorders

a) Rupture of red blood cells leading to edema

b) Inflammation around the third molars

c) Decalcification of teeth from exposure to gastric acid

d) Excessively chapped lips associated with eating disorders

T1

37.) The six classes of nutrients include all of the following except:

a) Carbohydrates

b) Water

c) Protein

d) Vitamins

e) Minerals

f) Omega 3's

a) Carbohydrates

b) Water

c) Protein

d) Vitamins

e) Minerals

f) Omega 3's

T1

38.) ______are the simplest carbohydrates consisting of glucose

a) Disaccharides

b) Monosaccharides

c) Polysaccharides

d) Saccharin

a) Disaccharides

b) Monosaccharides

c) Polysaccharides

d) Saccharin

T1

39.) Intracellular water accounts for about __________% of body water and extracellular water accounts for __________% of body water.

a) 65/35

b) 35/65

c) 25/75

d) 45/55

a) 65/35

b) 35/65

c) 25/75

d) 45/55

T1

40.) The primary roles of a lipid in the body:

a) Insulate against cold and cushion organs

b) Energy

c) Cell structure-components of every body cell

d) All of the above

a) Insulate against cold and cushion organs

b) Energy

c) Cell structure-components of every body cell

d) All of the above

Q10

1.) A __________ form of food clears the oral cavity quicker than a __________.

a) solid/liquid

b) liquid/solid

c) cariostatic/cariogenic

d) cariogenic/cariostatic

a) solid/liquid

b) liquid/solid

c) cariostatic/cariogenic

d) cariogenic/cariostatic

Q10

2.) The bacteria mainly responsible for adult dental caries are:

a) Actinomycetem comitans, Candida albicans, and Lactobacillus

b) Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella, and Bacteroides forsythus

c) Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, and Streptococcus mutans.

d) Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus sobrinus.

a) Actinomycetem comitans, Candida albicans, and Lactobacillus

b) Streptococcus mutans, Veillonella, and Bacteroides forsythus

c) Lactobacillus, Actinomyces, and Streptococcus mutans.

d) Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, and Streptococcus sobrinus.

Q10

3.) Which of the following sugar alcohols is the best sugar substitute due to its ability to reduce bacteria in saliva?

a) sorbitol

b) xylitol

c) mannitol

d) malitol

a) sorbitol

b) xylitol

c) mannitol

d) malitol

Q10

4.) NutraSweet is a trade name for __________ and Sweet “N Low” is a trade name for

a) saccharine/aspartame

b) aspartame/saccharine

c) aspartame/stevia

d) stevia/saccharine

a) saccharine/aspartame

b) aspartame/saccharine

c) aspartame/stevia

d) stevia/saccharine

Q10

5.) Salivary fluoride levels are elevated after brushing with a fluoridated dentifrice for about:

a) 15 minutes

b) 30 minutes

c) 1 hour

d) 3 hours

a) 15 minutes

b) 30 minutes

c) 1 hour

d) 3 hours

Q10

6.) All foods and beverages that contain carbohydrates have the potential to cause dental caries. If a food is naturally acidic, it can erode enamel:

a) Both statements are true

b) First statement is true, and second statement is false.

c) Both statements are false

d) First statement is false and second statement is true

a) Both statements are true

b) First statement is true, and second statement is false.

c) Both statements are false

d) First statement is false, and second statement is true

Q10

7.) All of the following foods are cariostatic except:

a) cheese

b) sugar-free gum

c) macaroni

d) peanuts

a) cheese

b) sugar-free gum

c) macaroni

d) peanuts

Q10

8.) One component of saliva that increases the pH level in the oral cavity is:

a) Fluoride

b) Sodium Bicarbonate

c) Phosphorus

d) Lactic Acid

a) Fluoride

b) Sodium Bicarbonate

c) Phosphorus

d) Lactic Acid

Q10

9.) All the following groups are at risk for caries due to salivary gland hypofunction EXCEPT:

a) young weightlifters

b) older adults

c) persons with diabetes

d) persons with head and neck cancer

a) young weightlifters

b) older adults

c) persons with diabetes

d) persons with head and neck cancer

Q10

10.) The most important factor about sugar's relationship to dental caries is:

a) frequency of ingestion

b) amount ingested.

c) whether it is solid or liquid

d) Time of day it is ingested

a) frequency of ingestion

b) amount ingested.

c) whether it is solid or liquid

d) Time of day it is ingested

Q11

1.) Which nutrient is most responsible for the aiding in the formation of collagen helping wounds to heal, promoting capillary integrity and aiding in the function of neutrophils :

a) Vitamin D

b) Vitamin A

c) Vitamin E

d) Protein

e) Vitamin C

a) Vitamin D

b) Vitamin A

c) Vitamin E

d) Protein

e) Vitamin C

Q11

2.) Which nutrient Assists in the formation of healthy epithelium and is associated with maintenance of eye health?

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin C

c) Vitamin D

d) All of the above

a) Vitamin A

b) Vitamin C

c) Vitamin D

d) All of the above

Q11

3.) The following are true regarding periodontal health:

1. Relies on a delicate balance between the host, environmental, and bacterial factors.

2. The primary etiology of periodontal disease is bacterial (plaque biofilm)

3. The primary etiology of periodontal disease is calculus

4. A susceptible host is also necessary for disease initiation

5. Poor nutrition can cause periodontal disease

a) 1,2,4,5

b) 1,2,5, only

c) 1,2,4 only

d) 2,4,5

e) All are true

a) 1,2,4,5

b) 1,2,5, only

c) 1,2,4 only

d) 2,4,5

e) All are true

Q11

4.) Neutrophils are:

1. Most common type of WBC

2. Most common type of RBC

3. Are phagocytic

4. Function is aided by Vitamin C

a) 1 and 3 only

b) 2,3,4 only

c) 1,3,4 only

d) 1 and 4 only

e) 2 and 3 only

a) 1 and 3 only

b) 2,3,4 only

c) 1,3,4 only

d) 1 and 4 only

e) 2 and 3 only

Q11

5.) Which mineral functions as an antioxidant:

a) Iron

b) Selenium

c) Vitamin A

d) Ascorbic Acid

a) Iron

b) Selenium

c) Vitamin A

d) Ascorbic Acid