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Self-concept
the perception or view of oneself, including one's traits, attributes, abilities, and attitudes
Self-awareness
the establishment of an understanding of oneself that precedes self-concept
Basic Sensory Awareness
the ability to feel sensations such as hunger, discomfort, and pleasure; includes rudimentary senses of touch, taste, smell, and hearing
Primary Focus on Immediate Needs
the initial sense of self centered on fulfilling immediate physiological and emotional needs, such as hunger, comfort, and warmth
Proprioceptive feedback
sensory information from the muscles, joints, and tendons that help one to locate the position of their body in space
Differentiating between self and others
the process of recognizing oneself as distinct from other individuals
Agency
the capacity of infants to act independently and make choices, demonstrated through the 'Sticky Mittens' experiment (3-5 months)
Stranger wariness
a developmental stage where infants show fear or anxiety towards unfamiliar people, typically emerging by 7-9 months
Separation anxiety
the distress experienced by infants when separated from their primary caregivers, typically observed by 7-9 months
Joint attention
the shared focus of two individuals on an object, which increases communication and social interaction in infants
Looking glass self
the concept that individuals develop their self-concept by observing how they are perceived by others, realized by 14 months
Self-recognition
the ability to recognize oneself in a mirror or reflection, emerging around 18-24 months, often tested with the Rouge test
Fateful human self-reflexive loop
the concept of consciousness as co-consciousness, where individuals reflect on their own thoughts and actions
Play/Symbolic play
the use of imagination by children to assign new meanings or roles to objects and engage in make-believe or fantasy activities
Self-concept in preschoolers
the emerging ability of children to make choices, exert control over their actions, and assert their individuality
Theory of Mind
the ability to understand and attribute mental states, such as beliefs, intentions, desires, and emotions, to oneself and others
Cultural/social context
the environment and societal influences that affect the development of self-concept and theory of mind, particularly in children around 4 years old