Evolution of ICT, Digital Citizenship, Collaboration & Design – Review Flashcards

These flashcards cover key concepts from the lecture on ICT evolution, digital citizenship, collaboration, productivity tools, advocacy, and basic design principles. Use them to test your recall and deepen understanding of each topic.

During which historical period were stone tablets, papyrus paper, and early libraries first used to store and communicate information?

The Pre-Mechanical Period (3000 BCE – 1450 CE).

What was the main goal of humans during the Pre-Mechanical Period of ICT evolution?

To develop ways to store, process, and communicate information.

Who is known as the "Father of the Computer" for designing the Analytical Engine, the first general-purpose programmable device?

Charles Babbage.

What 17th-century device created by Blaise Pascal is regarded as the first mechanical calculator?

The Pascaline.

Which invention by Johannes Gutenberg revolutionized the mass production of books and documents?

The printing press.

During which ICT era did radio technology and wartime needs spur rapid advances in electromechanical devices?

The Electromechanical Period.

What era of ICT is characterized by present-day digital technologies such as computers and smartphones?

The Electronic Period.

What does AI aim to accomplish in the context of emerging technologies?

Creating computer systems that work and act like humans.

Name the 2002 project often cited as the first AI system.

SIM-SIM.

What is the field that blends computer science and engineering to build devices capable of movement, such as "Sophia"?

Robotics.

Which technology analyzes human traits like fingerprints or DNA to verify identity?

Biometrics.

What is 3-D imaging & holography primarily used for?

Creating light-based projections of objects in three dimensions.

Define Virtual Reality (VR).

A computer-generated three-dimensional environment that users can explore and interact with.

How does Augmented Reality (AR) differ from VR?

AR overlays digital objects onto the real world, as seen in games like Pokémon Go.

What was the first touch-screen mobile phone nicknamed "Simon" notable for?

Being one of the earliest mobile technologies with Internet capability.

What is digital citizenship?

Using technology in a responsible and respectful way.

List three benefits of good digital citizenship for students.

Connecting with others, empathizing with people, and creating lasting relationships.

Define online security.

Protection of personal information, devices, and accounts from threats such as hacking.

What term describes the traceable records of a person's online activity?

Digital footprint.

Differentiate between an active and passive digital footprint.

Active footprints result from information users deliberately share; passive footprints are collected without the user’s awareness.

What small text files do websites store on your device to remember information about you?

Cookies.

Give three tips for staying safe online.

Use strong passwords, enable multi-factor authentication, and keep your network secure.

Which core rule of netiquette reminds users to consider the person behind every screen?

Rule 1: Remember the human.

What is the primary purpose of collaboration?

To work together toward a common goal by sharing ideas, responsibilities, and resources.

Describe a hierarchical team structure.

An organized structure where individuals are divided into teams with defined roles and responsibilities.

Name three principles of effective collaboration.

Participation, transparency, and persistence (others: collective, independence, emergence).

What is a productivity tool?

An application used to create or manage work efficiently, such as MS Office software.

Which MS Office program is classified as a word processor?

Microsoft Word.

What feature of MS Word lets you generate multiple documents from a single template combined with data?

Mail Merge.

What type of application is Microsoft Excel, and what is its primary use?

A spreadsheet application used for computation, analysis, and data storage.

Who created PowerPoint before Microsoft acquired it, and for how much?

Robert Gaskins and Dennis Austin developed it under Forethought Inc.; Microsoft purchased it for US $14 million.

In AI, what is prompting?

Providing input or instructions to an AI system so it can generate a useful response.

Give two examples of AI prompt types.

Simple prompt and task-based prompt (others: instructional, rule-based, multi-based).

Define advocacy in the context of ICT.

Supporting people to express views, promote rights, and drive change using digital tools.

What type of digital citizen analyzes social issues critically to promote justice through technology?

A Justice-Oriented Digital Citizen.

Differentiate between "image" and "graphics" in design terminology.

An image is 2-D or 3-D representation; graphics are visual designs on surfaces to inform or illustrate.

Name three common digital image formats and one key trait of each.

JPEG (lossy, not always high quality), PNG (web-optimized), GIF (supports small animations).

What design principle involves grouping related objects to organize information visually?

Proximity.

Why is white space important in graphic design?

It provides visual breathing room and improves readability by emphasizing key elements.

List the first three steps in creating an infographic.

Determine the topic, gather data, and organize the data (e.g., alphabetically or by comparison).