APUSH Period 1 Flashcards

Flashcards for APUSH Period 1 Review (1491-1607)

Pre-Columbian

Time period before Christopher Columbus's arrival in the Americas.

Jamestown

First permanent English settlement in North America, established in 1607.

Mexico & South America Native Cultures

Large and complex Native American societies in Mexico and South America.

Maize

Cultivated in Mexico and spread to the Southwest; increased European population due to its caloric value.

Spanish

Explorers and colonizers representing Spain in the New World.

Richard Hakluyt's Goals

Concept to compete with Spain, free natives, and relieve unemployment in England.

French

Explorers and colonizers who sought gold and a Northwest passage, settling in Canada and the Mississippi River Valley.

Dutch

Settle in New York and New Jersey, prioritizing trading opportunities.

Columbian Exchange

Exchange of goods, diseases, and people between the Americas and the Old World.

Columbian Exchange: Items Traded

To the Americas: disease, horses, sugar cane; To the Old World: potatoes, corn, tomatoes.

Impact of Columbian Exchange

Led to widespread death of Native Americans and the introduction of African slavery.

Encomienda system

Spanish labor system that exploited Native Americans.

"Noble Savage"

Belief that Native Americans were uncivilized but untouched by the problems of civilization

Valladolid Debate

Debate regarding the treatment of Native Americans by the Spanish.

Bartolomé de las Casas

Argued against the mistreatment of Native Americans.

Juan Ginés de Sepúlveda

Argued that Native Americans were less than human.

Result of Valladolid Debate

Ended the encomienda system and slavery of Native Americans.

Repartimiento

Similar to the mita system; Native Americans worked certain days for the Spanish.

Pueblo Revolt

Successful revolt by Native Americans against the Spanish in 1680.