TOEFL 2 Zoology

mammal; marine mammal; What kind of mammal nurses its young with milk?; A mammal feeds its young with milk produced by mammary glands.

哺乳動物; 哺乳動物

cetacean; large cetacean; Which cetacean spends its entire life cycle in the ocean?; A cetacean like a whale or dolphin is a marine cetacean adapted to water.

鯨目動物; 鯨目動物

ruminant; herbivorous ruminant; How does a ruminant process plant fiber through multiple stomachs?; A ruminant digests tough vegetation by regurgitating and rechewing cud.

反芻動物; 反芻動物

tusk; protruding tusk; Why do some mammals use a tusk for defense or foraging?; An elephant uses a tusk extended from the jaw as a modified incisor tooth.

獠牙、長牙; 突出的長牙

avian; avian species; What anatomical feature defines an avian classification group?; An avian creature possesses lightweight bones and specialized respiratory structures.

鳥類的; 鳥類物種

plumage; breeding plumage; How does bright plumage benefit birds during mating seasons?; Colorful plumage signals genetic fitness and health to potential mates.

(鳥的)全身羽毛; 繁殖羽毛

reptile; scaled reptile; What physiological trait characterizes a cold-blooded reptile?; A reptile features dry scaly skin and relies on external environmental heat.

爬蟲類; 有鱗爬蟲類

venom; toxic venom; How injects toxic venom during defensive or predatory strikes?; A venomous snake delivers toxic venom through specialized fang structures.

(蛇之類的)毒液; 有毒毒液

amphibian; larval amphibian; Where does a typical amphibian undergo early developmental stages?; An amphibian begins life in water before transitioning to terrestrial forms.

兩棲類; 幼體兩棲類

gill; respiratory gill; How does an aquatic gill extract dissolved oxygen from water?; A fish uses a specialized gill filament network to absorb dissolved oxygen.

(魚的)鰓; 呼吸鰓

fin; pectoral fin; What role does a fin play in fish hydrodynamic stability?; A pectoral fin steers and stabilizes swimming motion through the water.

(魚的)鰭; 胸鰭

rodent; nocturnal rodent; Why does a rodent continuously gnaw on hard materials?; A rodent possesses continuously growing incisors requiring regular wear.

囓齒類; 夜行性囓齒類

invertebrate; marine invertebrate; What anatomical structure is absent in a marine invertebrate?; An invertebrate lacks a vertebral spinal column supporting body structure.

無脊椎動物; 海洋無脊椎動物

arthropod; segmented arthropod; Which feature defines the exoskeleton of an arthropod?; An arthropod features a chitinous exoskeleton and jointed appendage segments.

節肢動物; 分節節肢動物

mollusk; shell mollusk; What soft-bodied anatomy characterizes a typical marine mollusk?; A mollusk features a soft body often protected by a calcium carbonate shell.

軟體動物; 有殼軟體動物

bivalve; marine bivalve; How does a bivalve filter organic particles from water?; A bivalve filters water using paired shells enclosing a specialized gill system.

雙殼貝類; 海洋雙殼貝

mate; animal mate; How do animals locate a suitable mate during reproduction?; An animal courts a prospective mate to ensure successful reproductive pairing.

(鳥獸)交配; 動物配偶

courtship; mating courtship; What triggers complex courtship rituals in avian species?; Courtship displays communicate readiness and genetic quality between partners.

(動物為了交配而進行的)求偶; 求偶儀式

breed; selective breed; Why do farmers selectively breed livestock for traits?; Breeders select parent animals to propagate desirable genetic characteristics.

繁殖、飼養; 選擇性品種

fertilization; internal fertilization; Where does internal fertilization occur in terrestrial vertebrates?; Internal fertilization unites sperm and egg inside the female reproductive tract.

受精; 內受精

hatchling; bird hatchling; How vulnerable is a newly emerged bird hatchling?; A hatchling requires parental feeding and protection until feathers develop.

剛孵化的鳥或動物; 鳥類雛鳥

feeding habit; diverse feeding habit; How researchers categorize an animal feeding habit?; Feeding habits classify organisms as herbivores, carnivores, or omnivores.

攝食習性; 多樣化攝食習性

scavenger; avian scavenger; What ecological role does a scavenger fulfill in habitats?; A scavenger consumes decaying organic matter to recycle nutrients effectively.

食腐動物(吃殘留的腐肉和糞便的動物); 鳥類食腐動物

prey; vulnerable prey; How do predators locate vulnerable prey in grasslands?; Prey species employ camouflage and herd vigilance to evade fatal strikes.

被捕食的動物、獵物; 脆弱獵物

bottom feeder; benthic bottom feeder; Where does a bottom feeder source organic detritus?; A bottom feeder scavenges benthic sediment along aquatic floor habitats.

底棲攝食者(在河流、湖泊、海洋底部尋找食物的動物); 底棲底棲攝食者

endotherm; metabolic endotherm; How does an endotherm regulate internal body temperature?; An endotherm generates metabolic heat to maintain a constant core temperature.

內溫動物; 代謝內溫動物

hibernation; winter hibernation; Why do mammals enter deep hibernation during freezing winters?; Hibernation conserves metabolic energy by dropping core body temperature.

(動物的)冬眠; 冬季冬眠

migration; avian migration; What environmental cues prompt seasonal migration in birds?; Migration shifts populations across geographic zones to follow resource availability.

(候鳥或其他動物的)遷徙; 鳥類遷徙

vocalization; acoustic vocalization; How do social mammals use vocalization for territory?; Vocalization communicates alarm, social bonding, or territorial boundaries.

(動物的)發聲; 聲學發聲

echolocation; sonar echolocation; How does echolocation guide bats navigating dark caves?; Echolocation emits ultrasonic pulses bouncing back to map spatial layout.

回聲定位; 聲納回聲定位